lecture 35

Question 1

which one is potent antioxidant

Answer 1

rings and double bonds

Question 2

is hydrogen perioxide a radical

Answer 2

no

Question 3

is hydrogen peroxide a radical

Answer 3

no

Question 4

what can hydrogen peroxide form

Answer 4

hydroxyl radical

Question 5

what is hydrogen peroxide a byproduct of

Answer 5

metabolic processes within the peroxisomes and mitochondira

Question 6

most potent forms of reactive species

Answer 6

hydroxyl radical

Question 7

ferrous ion reacts with hydrogen peroxide

Answer 7

fenton reaction

Question 8

most potent endogenously produced antioxidant

Answer 8

glutathione

Question 9

metals like ______ catalyze production of reactive radicals and ROS

Answer 9

iron, copper

Question 10

resveratrol is a _____ compounds founr in

Answer 10

polyphenolic
grapes, red wine, purple grape juice, peanuts, berries

Question 11

french paradox

Answer 11

observation that mortality from CAD is a relatively low in france despite relatively high levels of dietary saturated fat and cigarette smoking

Question 12

amount of resveratrol varies with

Answer 12

grape cultivar, geographic orgin, exposure to fungal infection, fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins

Question 13

do white or red wines have less resveratrol

Answer 13

white

Question 14

what does red wine produce after fermentation

Answer 14

flavonoids

Question 15

flavonoids decrease ______ of _____ and uptake by _______

Answer 15

oxidation of LDL and its uptake by macrophages

Question 16

cranberry

Answer 16

lots of phytochemicals that synergistically work together

Question 17

carotenoids

Answer 17

prevent macular degeneration
potent oxygen quencher

Question 18

precursor to carotenoids

Answer 18

acetyl coa -> mevalonate

Question 19

what can be made to rice to increase carotenoids

Answer 19

biofortification of nutriens in rice
simplified carotenoid/canthaxanthin/astaxanthin pathway

Question 20

most effecicent singlet oxygen quencher and phenoxyl radical scavenger

Answer 20

lycopene

Question 21

which version of lycopene is less absorbable

Answer 21

all-trans

Question 22

where is astaxanthin found

Answer 22

algae, fish (salmon)

Question 23

depending on _____, the availability can be modified

Answer 23

chirality

Question 24

today, almost all commerical astaxanthin for aquaculture is produced __________ from petrochemical sources

Answer 24

synthetically

Question 25

radical

Answer 25

any species capable to independent existence that contains one or more unpaired electrons a molecule with an unpaired electron in an outer valence shell

Question 26

isoprenoid derivatives

Answer 26

vitamin a rubber quinone carrier carotenoids abscic acid phytol chain of chloropylls

Question 27

limiting factor in oxphos

Answer 27

o2

Question 28

oxidative stress

Answer 28

accumulation of reactive oxygen species causing cell damage

Question 29

what can ros cauae

Answer 29

protein damage, lipid peroxidation, dna damage