lecture 4

Question 1

opioid use disorder diagnostic criteria:

Answer 1

pattern of opioid use leading to problems or distress, with at least two of the following occurring within a 12 month period

Question 2

characteristics of opioid use:

Answer 2

1. rapid development of tolerance which develops to the euphoric effects as well as to other side effects like nausea.
2. uncomfortable withdrawal with chronic use which is not usually fatal unless has disease

Question 3

synthetic opioids (fentanyl) were the:

Answer 3

leading cause of drug related death at the start of pandemic

Question 4

potency:

Answer 4

amount of drug needed to produce an effect

Question 5

efficacy:

Answer 5

ability of a pharmaceutical drug or medical treatment to produce a desired therapeutic effect when administered under controlled conditions

Question 6

affinity:

Answer 6

ability of the drug to get to and bind to the receptor

Question 7

how many binding pathways does fentanyl have?

Answer 7

multiple

Question 8

how many binding pathways does heroine have?

Answer 8

one

Question 9

why are opioids so additive?

Answer 9

we have an endogenous opioid system where endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins bind and activate opioid receptors widely in brain and spinal cord and sometimes gastrointestinal system

Question 10

opioids bind to receptors that are in high concentration in:

Answer 10

ventral tegmental area and project to the noradrenaline

Question 11

when drugs stimulate opioid receptors in brain, cells in the VTA produce:

Answer 11

dopamine and release it into nucleus accumbent giving rise to feelings of pleasure

Question 12

dopamine neurotransmitters receives signals through opioids and translates it into:

Answer 12

a memory and motivation signal and creates that pain or pleasure

Question 13

acute withdrawal syndrome symptoms:

Answer 13

gastrointestinal distress, thermoregulation disturbances insomnia, joints and muscle pain, dysphoria, restlessness, anxiety

Question 14

post acute withdrawal syndrome symptoms:

Answer 14

mood disturbances (anxiety, depression), sleep problems, fatigue

Question 15

clinical opiate withdrawal scale:

Answer 15

11 item scale that rates common signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal and monitor these symptoms overtime

Question 16

what does the clinical opiate withdrawal scale score help determine?

Answer 16

the stage or severity of opiate
withdrawal and level of physical dependence on
opioids

Question 17

treatment plan for OUD:

Answer 17

ethane or buprenorphine in conjunction with CBT, employment counseling, and support groups

Question 18

MAT’s

Answer 18

.substation therapies that substitute illegal heroine with legal, non injection methadone or other prescribed opioids.
.supervised consumptions facilities that help prevent overdose deaths and create supervised environment for those using substances

Question 19

MAT’s distribute:

Answer 19

sterile needles

Question 20

Naloxone programs provide training to use an antidote to opioids to reverse:

Answer 20

an overdose thereby preventing brain injury

Question 21

agonists:

Answer 21

binds to receptor and produces biological response

Question 22

partial agonists:

Answer 22

bind to receptors but elicit partial functional response

Question 23

antagonist:

Answer 23

binds to receptors but produce no functional response while also providing blockage to agonists

Question 24

synthetic full agonist:

Answer 24

binds to Mu opioid receptors (turns on receptors)

Question 25

methadone purpose

Answer 25

replacement medication to manage opiate addiction, keeps cravings and withdrawal under control, less addictive

Question 26

methadone issues:

Answer 26

getting correct dose, must go somewhere every morning to obtain, can overdose bc its a full agonist, can produce euphoria

Question 27

methadone benefits:

Answer 27

decreases crime, decreases relapse, increases functioning, maintaining a job, decreased HIV and Hep in community

Question 28

suboxone is what kind of agonist?

Answer 28

partial agonist

Question 29

Suboxone benefits:

Answer 29

partly turns on receptors, reduces/eliminates cravings, does not create euphoria, long lasting 24 hours, don't have to obtain every morning, very difficult to overdose

Question 30

naltrexone is what kind of agonist?

Answer 30

antagonist

Question 31

what is naltrexone used for?

Answer 31

AUD and OUD

Question 32

what does naltrexone do?

Answer 32

blocks euphoric and sedative effects of opioids and alcohol

Question 33

naltrexone prevents the feeling of:

Answer 33

getting high, no abuse potential

Question 34

resistance to MATS:

Answer 34

lack of understanding bc people think you are substituting one drug for another. also diverting the medications/abuse. also the cost

Question 35

supervised injection sites supplies:

Answer 35

syringes, sterile cookers, pipes for crack use

Question 36

supervised injection sites secure environments:

Answer 36

Free from criminal prosecution. Open booths keep clients in view of clinicians. Legally sanctioned facilities are exempt from prosecution for having illicit drugs on the premises.

Question 37

supervised injection sites support:

Answer 37

Staff are equipped with crash kits to respond to an overdose. Detox management for people who request it. Counselors and coordinators to bridge a gap to services.

Question 38

heroin assisted treatment program in Switzerland:

Answer 38

Swiss legalized prescriptions heroin to combat fatal overdoses and HIV infection rates

Question 39

Heroin Assisted Treatment patients must have at least:

Answer 39

2 years of opioid dependence before starting treatment and failed 2 other addiction treatments