8 Flashcards
advanced moderate intoxication:
euphoria intensifies, lowered inhibitions, fatigue may begin, impairment in balance, speech, vision
advanced intoxication:
“high” is reduced, depressive effects, gross motor impairment, judgment
blackout memory formation and consolidation impairment:
hippocampus is associated with memory formation and consolidation, particularly sensitive to effects of alcohol. alcohol disrupts the transfer of short term memories to long term storage in the hippocampus
alcohol inhibition initially suppresses:
neurons in the PFC
inhibition:
suppression of impulsive behavior
alcohol places a ____ in top-down inhibition
decrease
alcohol ____ GABAergic signaling and _____ glutamatergic signaling in the brain
increases; decreases
impairments of response inhibition are one of the most consistently reported
cognitive behavioral effects of acute alcohol intoxication
the calming/sedative and rewarding effects is due to interaction:
with various neurotransmitter systems
alcohol has direct effects on:
dopamine ventral segmental area neurons that result in higher firing frequency and increased excitability
alcohol enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA by:
increasing GABA-A receptor activity contributing to its sedative and relaxing effects
findings in detoxified people with AUD
profound decreases in dopamine release in ventral striatum
regulation of dopamine cell activity is:
disrupted
decreased DA cell activity may represent:
loss of prefrontal regulation of DA mesolimbic pathways
what contributes to the loss of control in addiction?
influence of the PFC on behavior regulation decreases with chronic drug administration
changes in the structure of PFC:
reduced gray matter in the dorsolateral
alcohol consumption leads to thinning of:
the neocortex even for those who drank low to moderate amounts
alcohol consumption was negatively associated with global brain volume measures and:
regional gray matter volumes and white matter microstructure
when the body perceives stress, the hypothalamus:
releases corticotropin-releasing hormone
corticotropin releasing hormone then stimulates the pituitary gland to:
produce adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone in turn triggers the adrenal glands to
release cortisol
