Lecture 4 Flashcards
(26 cards)
to find Latitude
-the altitude of the celestial pole
to find longitude
-earth rotates, so you need to know the time of daY
Speed
-rate at which objects moves
velocity
-speed + direction
acceleration
rate of change of velocity
gravity
-all objects fall at the same rate
momentum
mass x velocity
mass
amount of matter an object posses
weight
force acting on an object due to gravity q
Isaac Newton
-discovered calculas to describe motion and gravity
Newtons influence
-galileo
Newtons Laws of Motion
- object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an external force
- force is the rate of change in momentum
- every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Force
-mass acceleration
conservation laws
- momentum is conserved
- angular momentum is conserved
angular momentum
If a big cloud is spinning slow and then begins to get smaller because of gravity then the velocity will increase
-ex: the ice skater that brings her arms in when ties spinning
Energy
- cannot be created or destroyed
- Kinetic, Radiative, Stored (potential)
- gravitational potential energy: the further something is from the ground the more GPE it has
Universal law of Gravitaion
matter attracts matter with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance
Different type of orbits
- bound: ellipse
- unbound parabolic
- unbound hyperbolic
how can orbits change
- friction or stmospheric drag (causes objects to slow)
- gravitational encounter
- if an object gains enough orbital energy it may escape an orbit
Tides
- come from the moons gravitational pull on the earth
- stronger pull on the side of the earth that the moon is on
- moon phases affects tide
light
- is energy
- measure the flow of energy in Watts
- light is a wave
light and matter interaction
- light is emitted
- then transmitted through something
- then an object absorbs the light
- reflects the light
Energy in Atoms
- electrons exist only in specific energies
- only changes from level to level are allowed
- every atom has a unique energy level fingerprint
spectra of light
- continuous: white light
- emission: high intensity sharp peaks at specific wavelengths
- absorption: dark lines in a continues spectra
