Lecture 4 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the term for the ‘if’ part of an implication?
Antecedent
What is the term for the ‘then’ part of an implication?
Consequent
Under what condition is an implication false?
When p is true but q is false
Provide an example of a logical implication based on observation.
If it is winter, then it is cold outside
Provide an example of a reasonable expectation but not a guarantee.
If you study, then you will pass the exam
What is a strict logical truth example?
If it is Monday, then tomorrow is Tuesday
True or False: The implication ‘If the moon is made of cheese, then 2 + 2 = 4’ is valid.
True
What is the error in the statement: ‘If the ground is wet, then it must be raining’?
It is an incorrect reversal of implication
What does denying the antecedent imply?
If I did not eat vegetables, then I will not be healthy
Is p → q the same as q → p?
No
What is an example of legal reasoning regarding implications?
If a person commits a crime, they will face legal consequences
What ethical dilemma arises from the statement ‘If lying is always wrong’?
Even small lies are unethical
In scientific hypotheses, what does ‘If a drug is effective, then patients will recover faster’ imply?
If some patients do not recover faster, it does not mean the drug is ineffective
Fill in the blank: If a machine is well-maintained, it will function ______.
properly
Fill in the blank: If someone is a good leader, they will always make the ______ decisions.
right
Fill in the blank: If an animal is a dog, then it is a ______.
mammal
What is Modus Ponens?
If p → q, and p is true, then q must be true
What is Modus Tollens?
If p → q, and q is false, then p must also be false
What should you analyze in a real-life scenario involving logical implication?
Identify if the implication is correctly applied or if there’s a logical error
