Lecture 2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the definition of Logic?
Logic is the study of reasoning, conclusions, and argumentation.
What does Logic help us do?
Break down arguments and understand how they’re put together.
What are the two main branches of Logic?
- Formal Logic
- Informal Logic
What is Formal Logic focused on?
The structure of arguments and the rules of inference.
What does Informal Logic analyze?
Everyday reasoning and argumentation.
What are the types of Formal Logic?
- Propositional Logic
- Predicate Logic
- Mathematical Logic
What does Propositional Logic deal with?
Statements and how they connect using words like ‘and,’ ‘or,’ and ‘not.’
What is Predicate Logic?
A more advanced version of propositional logic that discusses qualities and relationships between things.
What is Mathematical Logic’s application?
Applies logical ideas to math problems, helping to prove theorems and solve puzzles.
What does Informal Logic teach?
Critical thinking skills applicable in various contexts.
What is the Law of Identity?
A rule stating that something is what it is.
What does the Law of Non-Contradiction state?
Something can’t be both true and false at the same time.
What is the Law of Excluded Middle?
Something must be either true or false; there’s no middle ground.
What is Modus Ponens?
A rule that helps us draw conclusions; if A is true, then B is true.
What does Modus Tollens indicate?
If A is true and B is false, then A is false.
What does Transitivity tell us?
If A leads to B and B leads to C, then A also leads to C.
What is Syllogistic Reasoning?
Combining two premises to draw a conclusion.
What is the importance of Logic?
- Enhances critical thinking skills
- Improves decision-making and problem-solving abilities
- Facilitates clear and effective communication
- Provides a framework for evaluating arguments and making informed judgments
In which fields is Logic applied?
- Mathematics
- Philosophy
- Science
- Law
What are you?
A queen.
Fill in the blank: Logic is essential for _______.
[critical thinking and effective communication]
True or False: Formal Logic uses natural language for analysis.
False
