lecture 4

Question 1

blood/gas partition coefficient for N2O

Answer 1

0.47

Question 2

blood/gas partition coefficient for halothane

Answer 2

2.4

Question 3

blood/gas partition coefficient for isoflurane

Answer 3

1.4

Question 4

blood/gas partition coefficient for desflurane

Answer 4

0.42

Question 5

blood/gas partition coefficient for sevo

Answer 5

0.65

Question 6

vapor pressure (mmhg) at @ 20C for N2O

Answer 6

39000

Question 7

vapor pressure (mmhg) at @ 20C for halothane

Answer 7

243

Question 8

vapor pressure (mmhg) at @ 20C for isoflurane

Answer 8

240

Question 9

vapor pressure (mmhg) at @ 20C for desflurane

Answer 9

681

Question 10

vapor pressure (mmhg) at @ 20C for sevoflurane

Answer 10

160

Question 11

MAC of N2O

Answer 11

105%

Question 12

MAC of halothane

Answer 12

0.75%

Question 13

MAC of isoflurane

Answer 13

1.2%

Question 14

MAC of desflurane

Answer 14

6.0%

Question 15

MAC of sevoflurane

Answer 15

2.0%

Question 16

smaller the blood/gas partition coefficient, the more _____ the gas is in blood

Answer 16

insoluble

Question 17

partition coefficient definition

Answer 17

ratio of amount of substance present in one phase compared with another w/ the 2 phases being of equal vol.

Question 18

less solubility of a gas = ____ breath-off

Answer 18

faster–to remove or breathe out of system

Question 19

the higher the blood/gas ratio, the ____ the gas

Answer 19

stickier and difficult to breathe out

Question 20

gas absorbed into ____ take longer to breathe out

Answer 20

fat or adipose tissue

Question 21

3 factors that effect the uptake of anesthetic gas

Answer 21

1) solubility of agent in blood 2) alveolar blood flow (cardiac output) 3)difference in partial pressure between alveolar gas and venous blood

Question 22

less soluble = _____ uptake = ______ induction

Answer 22

slower uptake, faster induction

Question 23

high cardiac output = ______ uptake = ____ induction

Answer 23

faster uptake, slower induction

Question 24

large gradient = ____ diffusion = ____ induction

Answer 24

greater diffusion, faster induction (if ventilation is maintained

Question 25

vessel rich group includes:

Answer 25

brain, heart, liver, kidney, and endocrine organs

Question 26

vessel rich group account for ____ of body weight but receive ____ of total cardiac output

Answer 26

10%, 75% cardiac output

Question 27

2 effects relevant to increasing rate of induction

Answer 27

1) concentrating effect 2) augmented inflow effect (second gas effect)

Question 28

agents that have the ___ oil solubility are found to have _____ potency as anesthetics

Answer 28

highest oil solubility, greatest potency

Question 29

fat/blood partition coefficient for N2O

Answer 29

2.3

Question 30

fat/blood partition coefficient for halothane

Answer 30

60

Question 31

fat/blood partition coefficient for isoflurane

Answer 31

45

Question 32

fat/blood partition coefficient for desflurane

Answer 32

27

Question 33

fat/blood partition coefficient for sevo

Answer 33

48

Question 34

minimum alveolar concentration

Answer 34

the alveolar concentration that prevents movement in 50% of patients (ED50) in response to standardized stimulus

Question 35

MAC awake is ____ MAC

Answer 35

0.3-0.4

Question 36

MAC BAR (blocks adrenergic response)

Answer 36

1.5-2

Question 37

MAC 1.3 is the ___ for the volatiles

Answer 37

ED95

Question 38

MAC is greatest at __ year(s) and reduced by ___ per decade of life

Answer 38

greatest at 1 y.o. and reduced by 6% per decade

Question 39

Fick's law

Answer 39

the rate of diffusion of a substance across unit area is proportional to the concentration

Question 40

The modified form of Fick's law is that the rate of _____ of a gas across a membrane is proportional to the _____.

Answer 40

diffusion; tension gradient (difference in partial pressure)

Question 41

the diffusion of a gas across a membrane into or out of a liquid is also _______ to its ______ in the liquid

Answer 41

proportional, solubility

Question 42

The tension of a gas in solution describes its ______ ____ of the gas that would be in equilibrium with it.

Answer 42

partial pressure

Question 43

high concentrations diffuse _____ than low concentrations

Answer 43

better

Question 44

faster gradient = _____ diffusion

Answer 44

faster

Question 45

CO2 is more _____ in tissue fluid than O2 and therefore _____ more rapidly.

Answer 45

soluble, diffuses

Question 46

blood takes about ____ to pass through a capillary in the lung.

Answer 46

0.75 seconds

Question 47

CO2 virtually equilibrates in the lung in _____

Answer 47

less than 0.1s

Question 48

diffusion of volatile anesthetics resembles ____ in their speed of diffusion

Answer 48

CO2

Question 49

diffusion is ___ as a factor effecting uptake

Answer 49

ignored due to resemblance of vapors with CO2

Question 50

when deox blood hits capillary, the transfer of CO2 out is _____

Answer 50

instantaneous

Question 51

N2O is 35x more soluble than ____ in blood

Answer 51

nitrogen

Question 52

molecular size limits diffusion according to

Answer 52

Graham's law

Question 53

Graham's law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is _____ ___ to the square root of its molecular weight.

Answer 53

inversely proportional

Question 54

smaller molecular weight compounds diffuse _____

Answer 54

faster

Question 55

larger molecular weight compounds diffuse ____

Answer 55

slower

Question 56

when a liquid is placed in a closed container, a(n) _______ is established at the ______ between the vapor and liquid.

Answer 56

equilibrium, at surface

Question 57

in equilibrium state, the partial pressure exerted by the vapor is known as the _______

Answer 57

saturated vapor presure

Question 58

equilibrium occurs when dissolved gas molecules leave the liquid at the same rate at which others dissolve. this is considered to be a ___________

Answer 58

saturated solution

Question 59

Henry's law states that at a particular temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolve in a given liquid is _____ ___ to the _____ ___ of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid.

Answer 59

directly proportional to the partial pressure

Question 60

for a gas in a liquid, as pressure increase, solubility _____

Answer 60

increases

Question 61

Henry's law: as a liquid is warmed, ____ gas dissolves in it

Answer 61

less

Question 62

for a gas in a liquid, as temp increases, solubility _____

Answer 62

decreases

Question 63

Ostwald solubility coefficient:

Answer 63

the volume of gas which dissolves in 1 unit volume of the liquid at the temperature concerned.

Question 64

partition coefficient

Answer 64

ratio of amount of substance present in one phase compared with another, the two phases being of equal volme

Question 65

if ventilation is not maintained, the gradient will quickly ______ due to the uptake of the diffused gas into the blood

Answer 65

decrease

Question 66

agents that have the highest ____ __ are found to have the greatest potency as anesthetics

Answer 66

oil solubility

Question 67

lower the MAC the ___ potent

Answer 67

more

Question 68

oil/blood coefficient is the actual property that determines _____

Answer 68

potency