Lecture 4

Question 1

Evolution of values and ethics categories

Answer 1

Morality period
Values period
Ethical theory & Decision-making
Ethical standards and Risk Management

Question 2

When did the periods of professional ethics occur

Answer 2

Morality period- 1900s
Values period-1920s-1960s
Ethical theory & Decision-making-1970s-1990s
Ethical Standards and Risk Management-1990-present

Question 3

What are ethics

Answer 3

Rights, duties, obligations, responsibilities, good and bad, right and wrong, black and white…all shades of gray

Question 4

Whats ethical decision-making

Answer 4

process of critical reflection, evaluation and judgement resolves ethical issues, problems and dilemmas

Question 5

Ethical issues is concerned with

Answer 5

individual rights
public welfare
equality, differences and structural oppression
professional roles, boundaries and relationships

Question 6

What are ethical problems

Answer 6

a situation interpreted as involving a difficult moral decision but course of action is clear

Question 7

Ethical dilemma

Answer 7

practitioners face a choice between 2 equally unwelcomed alternatives, which may conflict moral values and choice is not clear to be the right one

Question 8

Ethical decision making constructed models:

Answer 8

process models
reflective models
cultural models

Question 9

process models

Answer 9

clear structure
defined steps
linear sequence
checklist
rand values and ethical principles
consider obligations and consequences but lean more to rule-based
provide little opportunity for critical reflection
lack of acknowledgment of cultural issues

Question 10

reflective models

Answer 10

feminist perspective
inclusion of client for decision making
intuitive and rationale
question use of power in decision making
relationships are important
self-reflection is critical

Question 11

Cultural models

Answer 11

prioritise cultural context
scrutinise policies/procedures
emerge models

Question 12

The inclusive model of Ethical Decision Making

Answer 12

Plat 1: Accountability-personal, professional, organisational, legal cultural and social
Plat2: Critical Reflection-decisions that can be examined, clarify practice and lead to better practice
Plat 3: Cultural sensitivity: making decisions that are culturally appropriate
Plat 4: consultation: engage in discussions who assist in accountability

Question 13

step 1 of how to deal with an ethical dilemma

Answer 13

defining the ethical dilemma: clear competing ethical principles? what are they? consult with an appropriate other? cultural issues? where in the situation are you? should it be referred to someone higher? something familiar or do you require new knowledge?

Question 14

step 2 dealing with ethical dilemma

Answer 14

mapping legitimacy: who has legitimate place? who should be involved? cultural factors? obliged to share with someone else? when is it appropriate?

Question 15

step 3 dealing with ethical dilemma

Answer 15

gathering information: gather policies, procedures, protocols, people and precedent lessons

Question 16

step 4 dealing with ethical dilemma

Answer 16

alternate approaches and action: weighing up of options and alternatives how to prioritise? reliance on theory and frameworks.

Question 17

step 5 dealing with ethical dilemma

Answer 17

critical analysis and evaluation: knowledge gained; confidence built and impact of self and practice

Question 18

Ethical decision making tool kit

Answer 18

knowledge of the following:
domain of ethics
decision making models
range of people who you can consult with for support or information
code of ethics
policies and procedures
legislation
cultural expertise
practice wisdom
knowledge of how to conduct an ethic audit