Lecture 4 Flashcards
Define resting membrane potential
Difference in potential energy between two sides of cell membrane resulting from chemical and electrical gradients
Define chemical energy in terms of the RMP
Different concentrations of ions on each side of the cell, creating chemical gradients
Define electrical energy in terms of the RMP
Different amounts of negative charges on each side of the cell, creating electrical gradient
What is the typical RMP range for neurons, muscle cells, and glial cells?
-60 to -90 mV
What is the typical RMP range for non-excitable cells (e.g. epithelial cell and red blood cells)?
-8 to -60 mV
How is resting membrane potential established?
Ion pumps and exchangers
How are ion pumps powered?
ATP
How are ion exchangers powered?
Ion concentration gradients
Is K+ more abundant inside or outside a cell?
Inside
Is Na+ more abundant inside or outside a cell?
Outside
Is Ca2+ more abundant inside or outside a cell?
Outside (extremely low inside)
Is Cl- more abundant inside or outside a cell?
Variable
Are anions larger or smaller inside the cell?
Larger (e.g. DNA, RNA, proteins)
Are anions larger or smaller outside the cell?
Smaller (e.g. Cl- and bicarbonate HCO3-)
In seawater animals, how do ion concentrations differ? (3)
Double ion concentrations
K+ more abundant inside
Na+ more abundant outside