Lecture 4 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Define nutrition?
The science of foods and the substances they contain and of their actions within the body (including ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism, and excretion). Nutrition studies the interaction between the individual and the environment mediated by food.
Define diet?
The foods and beverages one consumes.
The quality of which affect quality of life.
The quality of which effects the risk of chronic diseases.
What is environment?
It is our behavioral food choice.
Define food (in nutrition sense)?
Production. Distribution. Hygiene. Preparation. Food labels. Meals.
What is agent?
What we decide to put into our mouths.
Define nutrition/diet?
Carbohydrates. Proteins. Fats. Vitamins. Minerals.
What is host?
Our body. It is dictated by our genes. It is physiologically important as to how we (ourselves) digest food.
Define body (in nutrition sense)?
Genetics.
Lifestyle.
Needs.
What is a chronic disease (nutrition)?
A non-communicable disease.
What does nutrition impact?
Progression and treatment of many chronic diseases.
What are common dietary goals in disease prevention?
Maintaining appropriate body weight, consuming a diet moderate in saturated fat intake, choosing whole grains, and eating 5+ servings of fruits and vegetables.
What do population guidelines aim to do?
Reduce risk factors for non-communicable disease and ensure adequate nutrient intakes.
What is an acute nutrition deficiency?
A deficiency in which you can reverse it. For example ion deficiency. In the 1920s there was an ion deficiency, this caused an increase in size of your Thyroid gland. To reduce this, the Government put Iodine in salt on a population basis.
How many deaths does nutrition cause in one year in NZ?
Estimated 11,000 (2 in 5 deaths).
How many of these ‘nutrition’ deaths reflect diet? and how many reflect physical inactivity?
800-900 reflect diet.
2000-3000 reflect physical inactivity.
How many guidelines are there regarding Population-specific food and nutrition?
There are 6.
What is the 1st Guideline?
Enjoy a variety of nutritious foods every day including:
- Plenty of vegetables and fruit.
- Grain foods, mostly whole grain and those naturally high in fibre.
- Some milk and milk products, mostly low and reduced fat.
- Some legumes, nuts, seeds, fish and other seafood, eggs, poultry (e.g. chicken) and/or red meat with the fat removed.
What is the 2nd Guideline?
Choose and/or prepare foods and drinks:
- With unsaturated fats instead of saturated fats.
- That are low in salt (sodium); if using salt, choose iodised salt.
- With little or no added sugar.
- That are mostly ‘whole’ and less processed.
What is the 3rd Guideline?
Make plain water your first choice over other drinks.
What is the 4th Guideline?
If you drink alcohol, keep your intake low.
What is the 5th Guideline?
Buy or gather, prepare, cook and store food to ensure it is safe to eat.
What is the 6a Guideline?
Body weight statement:
Making good choices about what you eat and drink and being physically active are also important to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.
What is the 6b Guideline?
Activity statements:
- Sit less, move more! Break up long periods of sitting.
- Do at least 2 & 1/2 hours of moderate or 1 & 1/4 hours of vigorous physical activity spread throughout the week.
- For extra health benefits, aim for 5 hours of moderate, or 2 & 1/2 hours of vigorous physical activity spread throughout the week.
Why is it important to eat lots of fruits and vegetables?
- Reduces risk of Cancer and CVD.
- Better weight control.
- Provide: Vitamin K, A, C, Phytochemicals, Minerals, and Fibre.
