Lecture 4-6 M1

Question 1

What are the modern day types of sociology called?

Answer 1

• micro extremism
• macro extremism
• micro macro linkage

Question 2

What category does social conflict approach fall under?

Answer 2

Macro extremism

Question 3

What does social conflict approach emphasize?

Answer 3

Emphasizes the constraining nature of social influences on our actions

Question 4

What bad things does social conflict approach focus on?

Answer 4

-power, conflict, domination-subordination relations, inequality and change

Question 5

What does social conflict approach say holds society together

Answer 5

Domination subordination relationships

Question 6

Who does social conflict approach sound like?

Answer 6

Marx, it pays attention to class division

Question 7

What are the main points of micro extremism?

Answer 7

• individual
• wants to study everyday routines
• individuals construct society
• individuals intentions, reasons and motives are important

Question 8

What are the types of micro extremism?

Answer 8

• symbolic interactionism

- ethnomethodology

Question 9

What is the focus of symbolic interactionism?

Answer 9

Interaction that takes place between people through symbols, language

Question 10

What is the definition of symbolic interactionism?

Answer 10

Society arises as a shared reality that its members construct as they interact with one another

Question 11

What is a sub idea to symbolic interactionism?

Answer 11

Thomas theorem

Question 12

What is Thomas theorem?

Answer 12

“Situations we define as real become real in their consequences,” police that mistake something for weapon

Question 13

What is the goal of symbolic interactionism?

Answer 13

Understand the meanings that individuals attach to their behaviour in everyday life

Question 14

What does ethnomethodology study?

Answer 14

Studies everyday life by focusing on what people actually do

Question 15

What is ethnomethodology concerned with?

Answer 15

Ethnomethods

Question 16

What are ethnomethods?

Answer 16

The everyday methods that people use to make sense of what others do and what they say

Question 17

What is highlighted by Garfunkel’s breaching experiments?

Answer 17

• we all routinely use ethnomethods but are just unaware that we are using them
• breaching experiment is an experiment that disrupts the flow of everyday life
• student engaged in convo with husband

Question 18

What does micro macro linkage reject?

Answer 18

Rejects both micro and macro extremism

Question 19

Where does micro macro linkage start from?

Answer 19

Starts from the link between individuals and societies

Question 20

What does micro macro linkage argue?

Answer 20

Argues that individuals and societies are mutually constituting and mutually constituted

Question 21

What theory is under micro macro linkage?

Answer 21

Structuration theory

Question 22

What is the definition of structuration theory

Answer 22

A synthesis of structure and individual effects. Acknowledges the interaction of meaning, standards and values and power

Question 23

What do feminist perspectives in sociology all share?

Answer 23

• the experiences of women as women
• social inequality and subordination of women
• strategies for achieving the liberation of women

Question 24

What can be compared to feminist perspective?

Answer 24

Social conflict approach

Question 25

What are the alternatives to sociology research?

Answer 25

- authority - tradition - common sense - personal experience

Question 26

What sets sociology research apart from the alternatives ways of knowing?

Answer 26

Sociological research uses a scientific method

Question 27

What does using a scientific method produce?

Answer 27

Empirically verified knowledge

Question 28

What types of data does sociology use?

Answer 28

Quantitative and qualitative

Question 29

What are the stages of the research process?

Answer 29

1. Research problem 2. Selecting research method 3. Carry out research 4. Interpret the results 5. Report the findings

Question 30

What are the four kinds or questions sociologists asks when formulating the research question? Which are descriptive research?

Answer 30

- what happened - did this happen everywhere - has this happened over time - why did this happen

Question 31

What is the most important question to ask when formulating a research problem?

Answer 31

Why did this happen

Question 32

Define hypothesis

Answer 32

A tentative statement of the relationship between two variables that is to be tested

Question 33

Are elements of hypotheses variables? What are the two variables?

Answer 33

Yes, independent and dependent variables

Question 34

Define research methods

Answer 34

Actual techniques of investigation that are used to study the social world

Question 35

What are the 6 forms of research methods

Answer 35

- survey - participant observation - documentary research - experiment - unobtrusive measures - mixed methods studies

Question 36

What did Weber mean when he called sociology value free sociology?

Answer 36

Strive for objectivity

Question 37

What is random sampling

Answer 37

Every member of the population has an equal probability of being included in the sample, it ensures generalizability

Question 38

What is participant observation

Answer 38

An investigator spends lengthy amounts of time with group studied and can take part in their activities

Question 39

What are the pros and cons of participant observation

Answer 39

- provides better info about social life - more flexible - problems of generalizability - skill of investigator is key

Question 40

What was Goffmans research findings? What is it an example of?

Answer 40

- worked in a mental hospital | - participant observation

Question 41

What was an important finding of Goffmans research?

Answer 41

Saw life in the hospital that others wouldn’t know of, working patients

Question 42

What is an operational definition? What is an example of operational definition of social class?

Answer 42

Specifies how your going to measure the concept, could be income, education or occupation

Question 43

Define reliability

Answer 43

Quality of consistent measurement

Question 44

Define validity

Answer 44

Quality of measuring precisely what one intends to measure

Question 45

Is reliability a guarantee of validity?

Answer 45

No reliability does not guarantee validity

Question 46

What are the pros and cons of flexibility in participant observation?

Answer 46

- makes replication difficult to do - allows sociologists to get a more accurate picture - trades off reliability for validity

Question 47

What is primary data?

Answer 47

Data is collected by the researcher

Question 48

What is documentary research?

Answer 48

Research method in which a researcher uses information collected by others, secondary data

Question 49

What is another name for documentary research?

Answer 49

Methods of secondary analysis or archival investigation

Question 50

What is Asheorths study about and what is it an example of?

Answer 50

Trench warfare and it’s an example of documentary research

Question 51

What are the weaknesses of documentary research?

Answer 51

- sources may be partial | - sources may be difficult to authenticate