Lecture 4

Question 1

Performance Outcome Measures

Answer 1

Measure outcome or results of performing a motor skill

• time to complete a task
• reaction time
• distance covered
• errors
• standardized functional tests

Question 2

Performance Production Measures

Answer 2

measures the performance charcteristces that produced the outcome

• specific aspects of motor control sysytem
• velocity, acceleration, joint angle, force
• how nervous system is functioning (fmri, pet)
• how muscular system is function (emg)

Question 3

Kinematics

Answer 3

the description of pure motion withou regard for forces and masses
describe movement of limbs and entire body

Question 4

Components of kinematics

Answer 4

spatial & temporal

Question 5

apraxia

Answer 5

loss of motor planning- person will understand your command but cannot generate motor plan to do that

Question 6

Sptaila Planning Decifict Study

Answer 6

healthy control vs patient with parietal lobe stroke and apraxia
slice loaf of bread
apraxic person- pathway was circular, not in one plane of movment
control group= pathway was linear in saggital plane

Question 7

Spatial planning deficits with command, object and tool study

Answer 7

patients with apraxia
Command- miming,

Object- just had bread, miming knife

Tool- knife no bread
Both- both bread and knife

Worked best with both object and tools
We can work to amerlioate difference in spatial planning if we give them actual real tools we want them to use

Question 8

Constant Error

Answer 8

average magntidue of error in movement performance

takes direction into account

Question 9

absolute error

Answer 9

measures magnitude but not direction

Question 10

variable error

Answer 10

measures consistency or inconsistency of responses

Question 11

discrete task

Answer 11

specific start and end point

Question 12

continuous task

Answer 12

repetitive task

ex. gait

Question 13

error for discrete tasks

Answer 13

• constant error
  absolute error
  variable error

Question 14

error for continuous taks

Answer 14

root mean square error

Question 15

root mean square error

Answer 15

measures both deviation and consistency
measures difference between target trajectory and actual trajectory over time
can be used to create a performance curve

Question 16

simple reaction time

Answer 16

one stimulus, one repsonse

Question 17

choice reaction

Answer 17

multiple stimuli, each has a specific response

Question 18

discrimination

Answer 18

multiple stimuli but only respond to one type of stimuli
example- task to hit red everytime you see blue
both stimulated and inhibited

Question 19

Response time

Answer 19

reaction time + movment time
reaction- between start signal and intiation of response
movement0 intiation to termination

Question 20

premotor time

Answer 20

planning of movement

Question 21

EMG - response time?

Answer 21

can measure motor time but not premotor time

Question 22

Parkinson’s Reaction time

Answer 22

PD early onset- normal reaction time

actual onset of muscle recruitment is normal but time it takes to complete movement is slow

Question 23

Muscle Performance + EMG

Answer 23

measures involvement of muscles by recording electrical activity in the muscle during movement
provides info about the identity of active muscles
provides info about temporal patterning
provides info about intensity of concentration(signal amplitude)
activation pattern between several muscles- antagonists and synergists

Question 24

Children with CP co contraction

Answer 24

CP kids- muscle firing at same time
ability to recover over base of support is impaired
no reicprocal inhibition

Question 25

Performance production- how is a movement performed?

Answer 25

Looks at the component parts of the movement AND at the neurologic and musculoskeletal components of movement creation

Question 26

What do Performance Production Measures Tell Us?

Answer 26

How the nervous system is functioning How the muscular system is operating How limbs or joints are acting before, during, and after a person performs a skill

Question 27

Performance Outcomes

Answer 27

outcome and end result of a movement

Question 28

Performance Outcome Measures Tell Us?

Answer 28

Task Complete vs. Incomplete Error Accuracy Consistency

Question 29

Production Measures- Spatial

Answer 29

``` Location of limb segments Joint Angle Location of limb in space Movement Shape Joint Coordination Pathway of Trajectory Displacement Range and Control (fractionation) Measured Via: Cinematography, Optoelectric Camera, or Motion Analysis ```

Question 30

Production Measures- Temproal

Answer 30

``` Velocity Acceleration Movement Duration Force Measured via: EMG, EEG, PET, fMRI ```

Question 31

Outcome Measures examples

Answer 31

``` Time to Complete Task Reaction Time Amount of Error Absolute, Constant, Variable, RMSE Number or %age of errors Number of successful attempts Time on/off target Time on/off balance Distance Trials or Repetitions to Completion ```

Question 32

EMG is used for

Answer 32

– identification of active muscles, intensity, temporal patterning

Question 33

PET SCans, fMRI are used to

Answer 33

visualize the working brain

Question 34

Positive Neuroplasticity

Answer 34

functional recovery

Question 35

Negative Neuroplasticity

Answer 35

behavioral compensation

Question 36

behavioral Compensation | definiton

Answer 36

response to damage and behavioral attempts to compenstae for effects of damage negative plasticity

Question 37

Functional Recovery defintion

Answer 37

response to a behavioral experience that enhances functional outcome and promotes functional reorganization positive neuroplasticity

Question 38

Functional recovery- operational definiton

Answer 38

reacquisiton of elemental motor patterns present prior to CNS injury

Question 39

Functional recovery occurs as a result of

Answer 39

sponaneous recovery experience dependent motor training increased involvement of contralateral hemisphere axonal remodeling of corticopinal system

Question 40

Compensation

Answer 40

appearance of new motor patterns from the adaptation of remaining motor elements

Question 41

substitution

Answer 41

integration of alternative motor elements form different end effectors

Question 42

Writing example of functional recovery, compensation and subsitituion

Answer 42

functional recoveru- write the way you did before compensation- adapt pen, utilize different stratefy, change posture subtitution- learn how to use other hand

Question 43

% of gains due to spontanous recovery

Answer 43

70%

Question 44

What goes on in rehab?

Answer 44

Patients are coming in from acute care sicker Patients are being discharged from rehab quicker Many treatment models are not 1:1 How do we respond? Make them “functional” as quickly as possible Decrease burden of care Maximize independence In essence, we teach compensatory and substitution strategies

Question 45

Constraints why we can't acheive neural plasticity

Answer 45

Red lines- constraints why we cant achieve neural plasticity: fatigue, spasticity, attention, depression, limited time

Question 46

How can we attempt to target functional recovery

Answer 46

“Set up practice to enable patient to use affected system in a limited setting” Design interventions to allow patient to use their affected extremities safely in an environment that fosters success

Question 47

Functional Reorganization

Answer 47

Skill dependent not use dependent | repitition is not enough- must be emphasis on skill acquisition