Lecture 4 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are some differences between cytology and histology?
Results are faster with cytology, can be done in house, and there is no tissue microarchitecture in cytology
Opposites are true for histopathology
What should you give to the pathologist when submitting cytology or histopathology
A VERY THOROUGH history
What tubes should you put fluid samples into for cytology? Culture?
EDTA purple top for cytology
Plain red top for culture
What should you first try to classify the lesion as?
Cystic Hemorrhagic Inflammatory Neoplastic Mixed cell pop (inflammation plus atypical cells)
What are cystic lesions/what will you see
Benign keratin filled lesions
Will see keratin and cholesterol crystals
What will you see with hemorrhagic lesions
RBCs withOUT platelets
Hemoglobin
Macrophages containing RBCs
What will you see with inflammatory lesions
Excessive WBCs
*can be neutrophilic, neutrophilic plus macrophagic, eosinophilic, lymphoplasmacytic, mixed
Where does degeneration of neutrophils happen
Nucleus- karyolysis, karyorrhexis
Happens in perisperhal tissue
What will you see with neoplastic lesions
Monomorphic cells
What do benign neoplastic lesions look like
Cells are uniform, consistent size, consistent nuclear size, consistent nucleoli
What are the 8 characteristics of malignant neoplasms and how many do you need for it to be malignant
Size variation Shape variation High N:C ratio Mitotic activity Prominent nucleoli Coarse chromatin Nuclear molding Multi nucleation
Need at least three
What will epithelial neoplasms look like?
Cells will be in clumps and sheets
What will mesenchymal neoplasms look like?
Individual cells, spindly and wispy
What will round cell neoplasms look like
Big individual round cells
What will neuroendocrine neoplasms looks like
Naked nuclei
Why is it hard to classify a mixed cell population as malignant
Because the neutrophils releasing myeloperoxidase causes the other cells to look atypical and mimic malignancy
What lymph nodes should you sample when looking for lymphoma
Which should you avoid?
Prescapular or
Popliteal
Avoid submandibular
What is an exudate
Fluid with increased cells and increased protein
What will you see with septic exudate
Degenerate neutrophils
Bacterial sepsis
Acute hemorrhage
When would you see nonseptic exudate
Urine or bile in the abdomen
What will you see in chylous effusion?
Lots of lymphocytes
How many joints do you need to collect synovial fluid from to make a diagnosis of polyarthropathy
At least two
What will you see with inflammatory joint disease
Increased volume and neutrophils
What will you see in noninflammatory abnormal synovial fluid
Mononuclear cells
