Lecture 4 - Acute inflammation Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the causes of acute inflammation? (2)
tissue death
infection
What is the process of acute inflammation? (3)
- noxious agent causes tissue injury
- causes acute inflammation
- suppuration (pus)
What can happen as a result of acute inflammation? (3)
- regeneration - healing via cells regrowing
- repair - cells can’t regrow - scarring
- chronic inflammation - damaging agent persists
What is the purpose of acute inflammation?
- clear away dead tissue
2. locally protect from infection
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? (6)
- Calor - heat
- Rubor - red
- Dolor - pain
- Tumour - swelling
- Virchow - function disruption
What does acute inflammation look like in different organs? (4)
- serous
- fibrinous
- purulent
- pseudomembrane
What reactions (in order) occur in an acute inflammatory response?
- vascular reaction - rubor and flow
- exudative reaction - tumour (formation of exudate and leakiness)
- cellular reaction - migration of inflammatory cells out of the vessels
What are signs and symptoms of acute inflammation? (3)
pyrexia
acute phase reaction and C- reactive protein
Leukocytes
What happens in vascular reactions?
- microvascular dilatation
- initially flow increases then decreases
- increased permeability
What two things can permeability be divided into?
- mediated
2. non-mediated
What is involved in mediated permeability?
- histamine
- bradykinin
- NO
- Leukotrine B4
- complement components
What is involved in non-mediated permeability?
direct damage to endothelium - toxins and physical agents
What happens in the exudative reaction?
- it is protein rich
- triggers immunoglobulins
- produces fibrinogen -which produces fibrin which makes an insoluble mesh to stop bacteria from invading other tissues
What happens in a cellular reaction?
accumulationof neutrophils in extracellular space - causing severe cases - pus
What is the life span like for neurtophils?
short - few hours
What does oxygen dependent phagocytosis involve?
myeloperoxidase - works like bleach and produces lots of free radicals
What does oxygen independent phagocytosis involve?
lysozyme and lactorferrin cationic problems
What are the cell derived mediators of acute inflammation?
- stored - histamine
2. synthesised - prostaglandins, leukotrienes, PAF, cytokines, NO, chemokines
What are the plasma derived mediators of acute inflammation?
All cascade systems
- kinin
- clotting
- thrombolytic
- complement
What are synthetic pathway mediators? (treatments)
- glucocorticoid
- steroids
- NSAIDs
- LT receptor anatgonists
Lab tests for inflammation?
- FBC
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- Acute phase proteins - C reactive protein
Conditions which demonstrate the inflammatory process going wrong (5)
- SIRS
- Adult resp distress syndrome
- Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood
- Hereditary angiooedema
- amyloidosis
What does acute inflammation cause?
- resolution - process of wound healing
- fibrosis
- suppuration
- chronic inflammation
What is SIRS?
systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- whole body affected
- often a response of the immune system to infection
- related to sepsis
