Lecture 4, Chap 5 Flashcards
whats Prejudice?
Negative feelings toward persons based on
their membership in certain groups
whats Discrimination
Behavior toward persons because of
their membership in a certain group
whats Stereotypes
Belief or association that links a group of people with certain traits or characteristics
What are the Types of Prejudice and
Discrimination
- Racism
- Sexism
whats racism
Prejudice and discrimination based on a
person’s race, or institutional and cultural practices that
promote the domination of one race over another
whats Sexism
Prejudice and discrimination based on a
person’s gender, or institutional and cultural practices
that promote the domination of one gender over
another
what are some
- Indications that racism has decreased over time in
Canada - Closed residential schools
- Compensation for residential schools
- Closed “Indian” hospitals
- Compensation for the 60s scoop
- Indigenous people can enlist without enfranchising
- Indigenous women can marry non-Indigenous men
without enfranchising
what are some Other Racism Alive and Well
- Chronic underfunding of Indigenous Child and Family
Services - Indigenous children apprehended without cause
- Sometimes hours after birth
- Racism in health care system
- Brian Sinclair
- Joyce Echaquan
- Long-term harms and intergenerational trauma of
residential schools (Dr. Amy Bombay,
Neuropsychologist)
what is evidence that Some Racism is Decreasing.
Slavery abolished in the United States, support for
interracial marriage increased across time in the United
Stats
slide 11
what are Some forms of Contemporary Racism
Modern and Aversive racsism
whats modern racism
A form of prejudice that surfaces in
subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy
to rationalize
whatrs aversive racism
Racism that concerns the
ambivalence between fair-minded attitudes and beliefs
on the one hand and unconscious and unrecognized
prejudicial feelings and beliefs on the other (Gaertner &
Dovidio, 1986)
* Might profess egalitarian ideals but behave differently
around people of a different race
whats “STREET CHECK” or “CARDING”
when police officers randomly stop and question someone and collect information about those people. The details about each person — their name, age, perceived skin colour, estimated height and weight, and often, the names of their friends — are recorded and entered into a database.
Between 2008 and 2013, Toronto police filled out at least….
2.1 million contact cards involving 1.2 MILLION PEOPLE.
Mock jurors more likely to convict…
Black defendant
than a White defendant, especially when evidence is
ambiguous
whats an example of building “moral credential” of not being racist
e.g., Cascio &
Plant, 2015; Merritt et al., 2010; Merritt et al., 2012)
* E.g., “My best friend is…”
whats Racial Microaggressions
Racial Microaggressions: subtle but
hurtful forms of regular discrimination
* Way of expressing racism
- E.g., “Indigenous people don’t pay
taxes” - E.g., “You’re not like other [group
members]” - Microaggressions can be sexist,
ableist, ageist, etc.
how do u measure impilict racism
- Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998)
- Reaction time measure
- E.g., Researchers measure how quickly we
associate valenced words with Black or White faces - Controversial
- Related to attitudes and behaviours
- May not reliably predict behaviour across
time/situation - May reflect socialization than individual bias
whats Implicit Racism?
Racism that
operates unconsciously and
unintentionally
* E.g., Okonofua & Eberhardt (2015)
* IV: Black-sounding or White-
sounding name
* DV: Punishment
* First infraction, no difference
* Second infraction, harsher
punishment to student with Black-
sounding name
Interracial Interactions Often activate…
metastereotypes: thoughts about the
outgroup’s stereotypes of them
* Worry about being seen as consistent with
stereotypes
whats Jacoby-Senghor et al.,
2016
whats Sexism
- Blatant sexism, like racism, less socially acceptable
- Gender stereotypes are usually prescriptive (“should”)
- Other stereotypes are simply descriptive (“are”)
- Lots of contact between sexes, but sexism still prevalent
whats Ambivalent sexism:
Attitudes about women reflect negative,
resentful beliefs/feelings and affectionate/chivalrous but
potentially patronizing beliefs/feelings
- Ambivalent sexism is prevalent globally (Glick et al., 2000)
