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lecture 4 COVID Flashcards

1
Q

the final step in making a new drug is __

A

FDA APPROVAL

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2
Q

permission to use drug when no other option available

A

EUA emergencyuse authorization

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3
Q

how many phases of clinical trials?

A

3

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4
Q

what is PCR used to find?

A

the RNA genome

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5
Q

PCR is a type of ___ test

A

nucleic acid test

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6
Q

how long does an antobody test show up as positive?

A

2 weeks

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7
Q

you need blood for an antibody test, T/F?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

the antibody test detects what 2 things

A

detects the antibodies you have to a virus and your body’s response

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9
Q

what equipment does an antigen test use?

A

nasal swab

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10
Q

how does an antigen test relate to a pregnancy test?

A

lateral flow

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11
Q

antigen tests still have the virus inside when they are + T/F?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

why did the first CDC covid test in 2020 fail?

A

because of faulty reagents

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13
Q

in april 2020, which test did the CDC approve?

A

the Ab test

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14
Q

sick people correctly identified as sick are __.

A

true positive

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15
Q

healthy people incorrectly identified as sick are __.

A

false positive

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16
Q

sick people incorrectly identified as NOT sick are__.

A

false negative

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17
Q

How SENSITIVE ARE AG TESTS

A

65% SENSITIVE

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18
Q

HOW SPECIFIC ARE AG TESTS?

A

99.9% SPECIFIC

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19
Q

true + and false - are examples of __.

A

sensitivity

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20
Q

true - and false + are examples of ___.

A

specificity

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21
Q

taking a test too early, handling/shipping issues, viral load variation, lungs vs nose, and cross reacting to other viruses would cause a ___ ____.

A

false negative

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22
Q

who does hCoV mostly afffect populationwise?

A

children

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23
Q

How does Ab protecc against COVID?

A

circulating antibodies recognize seasonal hCoV and neutralize

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24
Q

Which one is more sensitive? Ag or PCR?

A

PCR (80% vs 40%)

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25
hydroxycholoroquine is not a COVID treatment. it is a __ and __ treatment
malaria and lupus
26
drugs eliminate the need for vaccines T/F?
FALSE
27
how effective does a flu vax need to be to get approved?
50%
28
how are mRNA vaccines placed?
mRNA gets injected into the muscle
29
how far apart are the 2 pfizer doses?
3wk
30
how effective is pfizer vax?
91%
31
how far apart are the 2 moderna doses?
4 wk
32
moderna is a mRNA vaccine, T/F?
TRUE
33
J&J vaccine is how effective?how many doses?
66%; 1 dose
34
side effect to J&J vaccine:
blood clots
35
Vaxzevria aka Astrazeneca had which issue?
also blood clots
36
J&J, oxfod, and cansinobio, zydus, and sputnik v were (DNA/RNA) viruses?
DNA viruses
37
zycovD was EUA only in ___. how did it work?
India, 3 does 4wk apart
38
which kind of vaccines were not approved?
protein vaccines
39
novovax vaccine needs how many doses?
2 and a booster.
40
you can combine novovax with other vaccine types T/F?
TRUE
41
Janssen vax is approved in the US for __. so are
EUA; mono and bivalent vaccines (2 moderna, 2 pfizer), and novovax
42
who is spikevax approved for? what type of vaccine is she?
12-17 year olds/over 18; moderna mRNA
43
spikevax, monovalent, and bivalent are examples of __.
moderna mRNA vaccines
44
comirnaty, mono and bivalent are examples of __.
pfizer mRNA vaccines
45
this vaccine works using proteins on nanoparticles and is 90% effective. who is she?
covovax/nuvaxocvid
46
how many doses and how far apart for nvxcov2373?
2 doses 3 wk apart
47
soberana 2/pastocovac is from iran and cuba with 2 doses and a booster. what type of vaccine is she?
protein/toxoid vaccine
48
which vaccine gives partial protection against COVID?
bbacillus calmette guerin (TB vaccine)
49
abdala and auroracov/epivaccorona are which type of vaccine?
peptide vaccine
50
polio and TB vaccines are which type of vaccine?
inactivated virus vaccines
51
how does the DNA virus vaccine work?
part of COVID gets carried on through a harmless DNA virus
52
how id moderna virus stored?
needs to be frozen
53
the FDA approved COVID treatment drugs are?
Remdesavir/veklury, acetemra/tozicilizumab, olumiant/baricitinib
54
Remdesavir/veklury was developed for?
ebola and hepatitis C
55
Remdesavir/veklury causes ___
mutations
56
Remdesavir/veklury works on __covid strain
omicron
57
Remdesavir/veklury is a nucleoside analog T/F?
TRUE
58
actemra/tocilizumab isfor which body system
immune system
59
who used actemra/tocilizumab?
hosdpitalized pts who were recieving corticosteroids or oxygen (ie ECMO machine)
60
actemra/tocilizumab was originally developed for those with__
rheumatoid arthritis
61
how does olumiant/baricitnib work in the immune system?
it is a kinase inhibitor
62
who used actemra/tocilizumab>?
hosdpitalized pts who were recieving corticosteroids or oxygen (ie ECMO machine)
63
bebtelovimab and evushield/tizagevimab do what to target COVID?
they block the virus from entering the cell
64
paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) and lagevrio (molnupiravir) are which type of drugs?
antiviral drugs
65
paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) and lagevrio (molnupiravir) have which concerN?
concern for growing fetus
66
which antiviral drug was recommended over Mab? what does it fight against?
paxlovid; omicron
67
paxlovid is also called
pfizer
68
stem cells, anticoaggulants, cochicine, vitamins/minerals, leronlimab, exocd24 are all confirmed to fight COVID T/F?
FALSE- TIS MIXED EVIDENCE
69
hospitalized ADULTS needing oxygen and high suPAR receptor will take __medicine
kineret (anakinra)
70
PEDIATRIC patients needing invasive oxygen or ECMO take ____ medicine
olumiant (braicitinib)
71
PEDIATRIC PATIENTS with nononvasive oxygen take __medicine
actemra (tocilizumab)
72
sedative for intubated
propofol-lipuro
73
COVID that caused kidney issues needs ___ treatment
renal replacement therapy
74
widely used other treatments are?
dexamethasone steroid, prone positioning, and ventilators
75
which drug showed a promising treatment?
evushield/astrazeneca
76
where does convalescent sera come from?
plasma from patients who recovered
77
convalescnet sera is for who?
early on to treat hospitalized old

global health (29 decks)

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