Lecture 4 - Early Childhood Flashcards
Avg ht. wgt. at birth?infants _____ wgt. by when?at age _, ___ adult height, __% adult wgt.
avg 20 inches ht, 7.5lbs at birthinfants triple weight by 1 yr1/2 adult height, 20% adult weight by age 2
in early childhood, girls gain ___, boys gain ______
girls gain fat, boys gain muscle!
Girls get growth spurt ~__yo, boys ~__yo?
girls at 12, boys at 14
Obesity defprevalence has ______ in past __ yrs?
Obesity: +20% > avg. weight for a person of particular age & heightprevalence has INCREASED in past 20 years
optimal strategy to deal with obesity?.hi ____ content is important.____ children to ___ food
variety of lo-fat & hi-nutrition foods available for preschoolers.hi iron content important.expose children to new foods
greatest risk to preschoolers? (leading cause of death)__% of _____ occur during?__% occur at?___ have higher rate of?
ACCIDENTS, injuries leading cause of death among children55% of injuries occur during sports/leisure73% occur at homeboys have a higher rate of injuries
+__% children between 1-5 in some form of ____ outside the homewhere early education for children? (3)
+50% canadian children 1-5yo in some form of care outside homechild-care centers & family-run child-care centres, & preschools
characteristics of hi-quality early child-care (4)-care providers are?-ratio of?-planned?-rich what environment?
-well trained care-providers-good ratio of providers to children (diff for each age range)-carefully planned curriculum-rich language environment
What 2 ways does the brain develop in childhood and what do these two things facilitate?1) # of…2) amount of…also, the _____ _______ becomes thicker, facilitates?
1) # of interconnections increases, facilitates acquisition of cognitive skills2) amount of myelin increases, facilitates speed of neural processing (MILK GOOD FOR THIS, b/c oleic-acid rich!)Corpus callosum thicker, facilitates coordination between hemispheres
Lateralization def:Left involved in, right involved in?
Brain hemispheres develop specialized functionsLeft involved in verbal tasks (sequential processing)Right in non-verbal tasks (patterns too, simultaneous processing)
In Early Childhood, preschool children can now engage in activities that require hi degree of _________e.g.? (3)
coordinatione.g.: bikie, ski, climb ladders
in early childhood motor development, boys typically have more _____ _______ and a higher overall ______ level than girlsgirls have advantage on tasks that require ____ _______
more muscle strength, higher activity levelgirls better at tasks requiring ____ ____________
signs of readiness for toilet training-staying ___ for more than _ ____ through day-waking up ___ after ____-regular/predictable _____ ______BUT, children should be ready _______ and ________
-staying dry for +2 hrs thru day-waking up dry after naps-regular/predictable bowel movementsBUT, they should be ready physically and emotionally
Children 90% ____-handedMore ____ than ____ are left-handed
90% right handedmore boys are left handed!
(perception) at 3-4 years of age, children increasingly efficient at detecting _________ between ______
boundaries between colors (i.e. differences in wavelength)
many pre-school children are ____-sighted (def?)-this improves by _____ grade tho
far-sighted, can’t see close up as well as far awaythis improves by 1st grade tho
Piaget’s central question for developmental psychology????
HOW DOES THINKING DEVELOP that guy is such a cutie
Logical thinking evolves in 4 stages (Piaget)1) Name, birth to? how act on world?3) Name, age range, begin to think… and capable of… SANS
1) Sensorimotor Stage (Birth - 2yo).Infants use sensory & motor schemes to act on world
Logical thinking evolves in 4 stages (Piaget):2) Name, age range, acquire … like … use to?
2) Preoperational Stage (2-7yo).Children acquire symbolic schemes like language and fantasy, and use these symobolic schemes to think and communicate.
Logical thinking evolves in 4 stages (Piaget)3) Name, age range, begin to think… and capable of… SANS
3) Concrete operational stage (7-11yo).Children begin to think logically and become capanle of solving problems SANS abstraction, cognition tied to the physical world
4) Name, age range, adolescents think ______ about __ and ___ ____?
4) Formal operational stage (11yo+).Adolescents learn to think logically about abstract ideas and hypothetical situations
(Piaget) Between __-__ mo, children acquire ________ (________) function-this signals beginning of the ______________ stage
between 18-24 mo, children acquire semiotic (symbolic) function (i.e. language & fantasy)-signals beginning of preoperational stage!
During preoperational stage, children…-use _______ proficiently-have difficulty thinking _________-at 2-3 yrs, begin to use _______ in their play
-use symbols proficiently-have difficulty thinking logically (that’s in next stage, concrete)-use pretend in their play at 2-3 yrs
6 types of play and ages, 1 ex for ea.1) S2) F3) C
1) Sensorimotor (12 mo)-grab object & put in mouth, use sense/motor skills to manipulate objects2) First pretend play (15-21mo)-Using object for intended purpose, but one char. diff from reality (absence of water)-Child could take empty cup, put to mouth, and pretend to drink3) Constructive (2 yrs)-building & constructing things, (taking blocks and stacking them)
