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Clin Path (Owen-Fall 2014) > Lecture 4: Evaluation of Erythrocytes: Infectious Agents and Retics > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Evaluation of Erythrocytes: Infectious Agents and Retics Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What are Howell-Jolly bodies?

A

residual micronuclei in RBCs. Spleen did not kick out all of the nuclei like it should

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2
Q

Under what conditions will you see Howell-Jolly bodies?

A
  • regen. anemia
  • splenectomy
  • glucocorticoids (immune suppression)
  • chemotherapy
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3
Q

What do HEINZ BODIES look like on Wright-Giemsa, NMB stain?

A
  • clear/pink on Wright-Giemsa

- light blue on NMB

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4
Q

What do HOWELL-JOLLY bodies look like on Wright-Giemsa, NMB stain?

A
  • blue on Wright-Giemsa
  • dark blue on NMB
  • usually bigger/more prominent than Heinz bodies*
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5
Q

Heinz bodies and Howell-Jolly bodies can be normal in small numbers in what animal?

A

cat

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6
Q

Under what conditions will Heinz bodies form?

A
  • splenectomy
  • onion and garlic
  • propylene glycol in soft-moist food
  • zinc toxicity
  • acetaminophen
  • moth balls
  • propofol
  • skunk musk
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7
Q

What three disease processes in cats increase Heinz body formation?***

A

diabetes, lymphoma hyperthyroidism

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8
Q

T/F: only in severe cases will Heinz bodies create anemia

A

T

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9
Q

T/F: RBCs with Heinz bodies have a shorter half-life than normal RBCs

A

T

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10
Q

T/F: for an anemia to occur from oxidative injury there has to be a serious insult

A

T

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11
Q

Common causes of Heinz body formation in large animal

A
  • onion
  • kale
  • red maple
  • Cu toxicity
  • ryegrass
  • selenium deficiency (will usually result in neuromuscular problems first)
  • phenothiazine in horses
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12
Q

Causes of eccentrocyte formation

A
  • oxidant injury
  • Vit. K
  • propofol
  • red maple
  • IV H2O2
  • enzyme deficiencies
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13
Q

basophilic stippling**

A

diffuse pattern of aggregates of ribosomes and polyribosomes

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14
Q

causes of basophilic stippling***

A

-regen. anemia primarily in ruminants**
-Pb toxicity
(TEST Q: basophilic stippling seen in large animal with very robust regenerative anemia)

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15
Q

basophilic stippling occurs in the presence/absence of polychromasia and anemia in small animal

A

T

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16
Q

siderotic inclusions

A

focal stippling due to iron buildup in RBC. Looks blue on Wright-Giemsa and Prussian Blue

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17
Q

causes of siderotic inclusion

A
  • Pb/Zn tox.
  • chloramphenicol and hydroxyzine therapy
  • hemolytic anemia
  • dyserythropoiesis
  • pyridoxine deficiency
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18
Q

leading cause of hemolytic anemia*

A

infectious agents of erythrocytes

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19
Q

classify Rickesttsial organisms

A

obligate intracellular organisms

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20
Q

Know what babesia looks like**

A

slide 9

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21
Q

Where do granulocytic anaplasma live?

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A

within neutrophils

22
Q

Theileria species in US ruminants is usually pathogenic/non-pathogenic

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A

non-pathogenic

23
Q

What is Theileria

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A

parasite in ruminants. Similar to babesia and causes hemolysis

24
Q

Cytauxzoon felis

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A
  • parasite in cats
  • 70% mortality rate
  • causes anemia and thrombocytopenia
  • hemolysis
25
What bacteria causes Y or X shaped chains in the RBCs?
Mycoplasma haemocanis
26
Most cats with Mycoplasma haemominutum have what dz>
FelV
27
Where do mycoplasmas typically reside?
on the outside of RBCs
28
extravascular hemolysis**
lysis of RBCs because they contain an infectious agent outside the vasculature (often occurs in the spleen)
29
what is indicative of poor peripheral perfusion?**
white gums or extremities (i.e. ear tips). Does NOT necessarily indicate anemia!
30
KNOW: Distemper inclusions look better in what stain compared to Wright-Giemsa?**
Diff-quick
31
When does distemper infect cells?
when they are in bone marrow. Leaves a viral inclusion as evidence (see slide 14)
32
At what stage in RBC formation do the cells stop dividing?**
metarubricyte stage. At this stage they have pyknotic inactive nuclei
33
Is anemia a diagnosis?
NO. It is a sign of underlying disease
34
clinical signs of anemia are due to:
- decreased O2 delivery to tissues | - influenced by
35
major clinical sign of intestinal tumor**
anemia, NOT GI signs!
36
Why does murmur sound louder with anemia?
less blood means RBCs can bounce around more and cause a physiologic murmur
37
clinical signs of anemia
- weakness - poor peripheral perfusion - CV (tachycardia, poor pulse, systolic murmur) - pulmonary (tachypnea, dyspnea) - icterus - hemoglobinuria - hemorrhage, fever
38
see slide 16
:)
39
retibulocytes have more ___ and less ___ than normal RBCs
more RNA, less Hb
40
see slide 18
:)
41
Punctate reticulocytes only seen in which species?
cats
42
which species are aggregate retics seen in?
all species
43
How to tell difference between aggregate/punctate retics and basophilic stippling.
Basophilic stippling appears in Wright's Giemsa stain. Retics only seen well with NMB or reticulocyte stain.
44
aggregate reticulocytes mature to:
punctate reticulocytes, then mature erythrocytes
45
relative retic count
the percentage of erythrocytes that are retics (should be less than 1%). However, percentage of WHAT is more important than the percentage itself*
46
Do horses release reticulocytes?**
NO
47
How will relative retic count change when regenerative anemia is present?
will increase
48
What does the presence of a regenerative response indicate?**
anemia was caused by hemorrhage or increased erythrocyte destruction, not be decreased erythrocyte production
49
reticulocytosis
increased retics
50
how long does it take for bone marrow to respond to anemia?
3-4 days
51
stress reticulocytes
slight rapid increase in blood retics. May be occur in response to severe anemia, or premature retic release from marrow

Clin Path (Owen-Fall 2014) (6 decks)

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