Lecture 4 - Liver spleen and pancreas

Question 1

Where is the liver found?

Answer 1

• under diaphragm
• right hypochondrium
• intraperiteoneal (except bare area)

Question 2

What are the 3 functions of the liver?

Answer 2

• cleans toxins out of the blood
• gets rid of red blood cells
• makes bile to help food digestion

Question 3

What is the blood supply of the liver?

Answer 3

coelic trunk via common hepatic artery

Question 4

What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?

Answer 4

Diaphragmatic surface - related to inferior surface of the diaphragm

Visceral - related to other organs

Question 5

How many lobes are on the diaphragmatic surface?

Answer 5

Right and left lobes

Question 6

What are the ligaments of the diaphragmatic surface?

Answer 6

• Falciform ligament
• Ligamentum teres (round ligament) - free edge of falciform ligament
• Coronary ligament - BARE AREA
• Triangular ligament

Question 7

What are parts of the visceral surface?

Answer 7

• Cuadate lobe
• Quadrate lobe

Question 8

What are the impressions on the visceral surface?

Answer 8

gastric and renal

Question 9

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 9

• hepatic protal vein
• hepatic artery
• L/R hepatic ducts

enter and exit the liver

Question 10

Where does venous drainage occur?

Answer 10

into inferior vena cava, NOT porta hepatis

Question 11

Describe the hepatic portal system

Answer 11

Hepatic artery + hepatic portal vein (from GI tract) into liver

Hepatic vein out of liver

Question 12

What are features of the hepatic portal system?

Answer 12

• checkpoint between GI tract and systemic venous system
• Eliminates toxins and metabolites (such as ammonia)
• Oxygen-poor/nutrient-rich blood
• From GI tract (lower oesophagus to upper anal canal) and other abdominal organs (spleen, pancreas) via SMV (superior mesenteric vein), IMV (inferior mesenteric vein), splenic and pancreatic veins

Question 13

Where is the gallbladder found?

Answer 13

on posteroinferior surface of the liver, between right and quadrate lobes

Question 13

What are the 3 parts of the gallbladder?

Answer 13

• Fundus
• Body - sits in the gallbladder fossa on the visceral surface of the liver
• Neck

Question 13

What does the Gallbladder do?

Answer 13

• stores bile

Question 14

Where is bile produced?

Answer 14

In the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 15

What converge into the common hepatic duct?

Answer 15

Left and right hepatic ducts

Question 16

What does the common hepatic duct receive?

Answer 16

the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct (travels posterior to the superior part of the duodenum and posterior to the head of the pancreas

Question 17

What creates the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Answer 17

Common bile duct joins pancreatic duct

Question 18

Where does bile drains?

Answer 18

Bile drains via a sphincter into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

Question 19

Where is the pancreas found?

Answer 19

Epigastric region and left hypochondrium (tail)

Posterior to stomach, sits within the C-shape of the duodenum

Question 20

What are the 5 parts of the pancreas?

Answer 20

• head
• uncinate process
• neck
• body
• tail

Retroperitoneal except tail

Question 21

What is the pancreas part of?

Answer 21

Part of the biliary tract - pancreatic duct and common bile duct merge at hepatopancreatic ampulla, then drain into the 2nd part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

Question 22

What is the spleen?

Answer 22

lymphoid organ

Question 23

Where is the spleen found?

Answer 23

left hypochondrium, protected by ribs 9-11 Intraperitoneal (with pancreatic tail)

Question 24

What are the surfaces of the spleen?

Answer 24

Diaphragmatic and visceral impressions: - renal - pancreatic - gastric

Question 25

Where are notches found on the spleen?

Answer 25

On the anterior and superior borders

Question 26

what is the hilum?

Answer 26

Splenic artery enters and splenic vein exists

Question 27

What is the abdominal blood supply?

Answer 27

Coeliac trunk --> foregut Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) --> midgut Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) --> hindgut

Question 28

What is the order of arteries coming off the coeliac trunk?

Answer 28

- superior mesenteric artery - renal arteries - gonadal arteries - inferior mesenteric artery - bifurcation into L/R common iliac arteries

Question 29

Where is the coeliac trunk found?

Answer 29

Foregut - at the level of T12, below diaphragm

Question 30

What is suppled from the left gastric artery?

Answer 30

oesophagus & superior lesser curvature stomach

Question 31

What is supplied by the splenic artery?

Answer 31

Neck, body and tail of pancreas & spleen.

Question 32

What arteries come off from the splenic artery?

Answer 32

Short gastric arteries - fundus of stomach Left gastroepiploic artery - superior greater curvature of the stomach

Question 33

What arteries come the common hepatic artery?

Answer 33

Proper hepatic & Gastroduodenal

Question 34

What does the proper hepatic artery supply?

Answer 34

liver and gallbladder Also has right gastric artery --> inferior lessor curvature of the stomach

Question 35

What does the gastroduodenal artery separate into?

Answer 35

right gastroepiploic artery --> inferior greater curvature of the stomach superior pancreaticoduodenal artery --> superior part of duodenum and head of pancreas