Lecture 4- Reproductive System Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are gametes and where are they produced?
haploid cells which are produced in the gonads- testes and ovaries
what is fertilisation?
when the diploid zygote is produced by the fusion of 2 opposite sex gametes,
where does the pelvic cavity lie and what is it continuous with?
within the bony pelvis, continuous with abdominal cavity.
what is the pelvic floor?
internal wall of a skeletal muscle, it separates the perineum with the pelvic cavity
why does it contain gaps
to let different tracts through
what is the pelvic roof
this is formed by a thin lining of the abdominal cavity (firmly attached to walls, drapes over organs) called the parietal peritoneum
where is unusual fluid collected in the peritoneal cavity?
in the pouch of Douglas
what actually is the peritoneal cavity
between peritoneum and visceral peritoneum
what is the perineum between
proximal parts of the lower limbs
name the elements of the surface perineum of a female
external urethral orifice, anus, labii, vaginal orifice
what is the 1 true female reproductive organ
ovaries
what are female accessory reproductive organs
uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
what are the 3 layers of the uterus called and locate them
perimetrium (central area), endometrium (internal area), myometrium (everything else)
where do the fimbriae open in to
the peritoneal cavity
talk through the fertilisation/ menstrual process
ovum develops in ovaries, every menstrual cycle 1 ovum is released from the ovaries into the peritoneal cavity.
it is then gathered by fimbriae and cilia push the ovum along the uterine tube. the ovum (and parts of endometrium) are expelled by contractions of the myometrium.
where does fertilisation occur and where does implantation occur
ampulla and uterus
what is ectopic pregnancy and what are the 2 types of ectopic pregnancy
when the zygote implants outside the uterine cavity; tubal or abdominal.
what is the main danger of ectopic pregnancy
haemorrhage
why are ectopic pregnancies dangerous
not enough tissue to accommodate growth so tissue bursts
what can STIs cause
spread via the uterine cavity to reach the peritoneal cavity causing peritonitis
how can STIs cause infertility
by causing damage to uterine tubes creating scar tissue which then blocks them.
what are the types of sterilisation for males and females and what do they consist of
females; tubal ligation: both uterine tubes are cut and lumens blocked
males: vasectomy: vas deferent cut sutured closed blocking the lumen
name the elements of the surface peritoneum of males
scrotum, anus, urethra, prepuce, body of penis, root of penis, external urethral orifice
describe the development of the testis
during development the testis are found in the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, they then descend into the scrotum through the inguinal canal. the vas follows. the testis into the scrotum and hence connects testis and urethra.
