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Paediatrics > Lecture 4 Vomiting and Malabsorption in Childhood > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Vomiting and Malabsorption in Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

Name triggers for vomiting

A 
Head injury/Raised ICP
Infection
Enteric pathogens
Visual/olfactory stimuli
Inner ear stimuli
Metabolic derangements
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2
Q

Name causes of vomiting in infants

A
  • GOR
  • Cow’s milk allergy
  • Infection
  • Intestinal obstruction
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3
Q

A palpable “olive” tumour is a sign of what

A

Pyloric stenosis

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4
Q

What would the blood gas show in pyloric stenosis

A

Hypochloric, Hypokalaemic and metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of pyloric stenosis

A 
Projectile vomiting
Palpable olive shaped tumour
Non-bilious vomiting
Weight loss
Dehydration
Shock
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6
Q

How is Pyloric stenosis treated

A

Fluid resuscitation

Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy

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7
Q

In what condition do you see effortless vomiting commonly

A

Gastro-oesophageal Reflux

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8
Q

What is Sandifer’s Syndrome

A

Association of GORD with spastic torticollis and dystonic movements

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9
Q

What are the medical treatments for GORD

A

Feed thickener
Prokinetic drugs
H2 receptor blockers
PPI

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10
Q

What are the causes of bilious vomiting

A

Intestinal atresia
Intussusception
Ileus
Crohn’s disease with strictures

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11
Q

Name causes of diarrhoea associated with motility disturbance

A

Toddler diarrhoea

IBS

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12
Q

Name causes of diarrhoea associated with active secretion

A

Acute infective diarrhoea

IBS

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13
Q

Name causes of diarrhoea associated with malabsorption of nutrients

A

Food allergy
Coeliac disease
Cystic fibrosis

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14
Q

What are the types of diarrhoea

A

Osmotic

Secretory

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15
Q

What is osmotic diarrhoea

A

Movement of water in the bowel to equilibrate osmotic gradient

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16
Q

What is secretory diarrhoea

A

Classically associated with toxin production from vibrio cholera and E.coli

17
Q

What are the symptoms of coeliac disease in a young infant

A 
Foul smelling explosive stools
Tiredness
Pallor
Poor weight gain
Failure to thrive
Dermatitis Herpetiform
18
Q

How is coeliac disease diagnosed

A 
Serum IgA
-	Anti-tissue transglutaminase (high sensitivity)
-	Anti-endomysial ( high specificity)
Duodenal biopsy
Genetic- HLA DQ2, DQ8

Paediatrics (30 decks)

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