lecture 40,41,42 Flashcards
(18 cards)
what types of chromosomal changes result in a change in chromosome number?
missing or gain of chromosomes
what types of chromosomal changes result in a change in chromosomal structure?
(1) translocation
(2) inversion
(3) deletion
(4) duplication
what chromosomal changes are associated with loss of genetic material?
deletion and missing chromosomes
what chromosomal changes are associated with relocation of genetic material?
translocation and inversion
what chromosomal changes are associated with gain of genetic material?
duplication and extra chromosomes
what is the difference between the effects of gene mutation vs large-scale chromosome changes?
gene mutations generally effect one gene, chromosomal mutations affect many genes
euploid
having a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the monoploid number
polyploid
species with more than 2 copies of each chromosome
aneuploid
abnormal number of one or more of the chromosomes but not all
monosomic
one missing chromosome compared to the 2n wildtype chromosome number
trisomic
one extra chromosome compared to the 2n wildtype chromosome number
what types of changes in chromosome numbers can be induced by humans?
polyploid and monoploid
what type of changes in chromosome numbers can only occur naturally?
monosomic & trisomic
autopolyploid
all the chromosomes within an organism originate from the same organism
allopolyploid
chromosomes within an organism originate from different organisms
what is a needed condition for allopolyploid organisms to survive?
the parental organisms need to be related
how are autopolyploids created naturally?
(1) mistakes in meiosis
(2) early miotic failure
(3) double fertilization
