Lecture 4a- Social Organisation

Question 1

Poole (1985) criterea for classifying mammalian social systems? (4)

Answer 1

1) Spacial distribution of males and females relative to one another
2) Presence/Absence of territoriality
3) Presence/Absence of amicable associations between individuals
4) Patterns of mating and reproductive output

Question 2

3 different types of solitary social system?

Answer 2

Inter- sexual territory
Intra- sexual territory
Non-territorial

Question 3

Example of inter- sexual territory?

Answer 3

Short-tailed shrew

Question 4

Example of intra- sexual territory?

Answer 4

Stoat

Question 5

Example of non- territorial?

Answer 5

Virginia Opossum

Question 6

Most mammals are..

Answer 6

Solitary

Question 7

What is social monogamy?

Answer 7

Where one male spatially associated with one female

Question 8

What is genetic monogamy?

Answer 8

Where one male sires all offspring of one female

Question 9

What are the three types of monogamous social systems in mammals?

Answer 9

Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3

Question 10

What is a grade 1 monogamous society?

Answer 10

Male and female defend a common territory

Young driven out after weaning

Question 11

Example of a grade 1 monogamous species?

Answer 11

Klipspringer

Question 12

What is a grade 2 monogamous society?

Answer 12

Male and female defend a common territory

Young not driven out after weaning

Question 13

Example of a grade 2 monogamous species?

Answer 13

Beaver

Question 14

What is a grade 3 monogamous society?

Answer 14

Multi female and multi male group

Single pair breed

Question 15

Example of a grade 3 monogamous species?

Answer 15

Grey wolf

Question 16

What is a harem?

Answer 16

One male monopolises a group of females

Question 17

What is a dispersed harem?

Answer 17

One males range encompasses home range of several females

Exclusive mating rights

Question 18

Example of species with dispersed harem?

Answer 18

Bushbabies

Question 19

What is a rookery?

Answer 19

Females attracted to restricted areas specially for breeding

Male defends group of females

Question 20

Example of species with rookery

Answer 20

Fur seals

Question 21

What is a temporary mobile harem?

Answer 21

Male defends mobile group of females

Females only in group for part of the year

Question 22

Example of species with temporary mobile harem

Answer 22

Red deer

Question 23

Two types of permanent mobile harem?

Answer 23

Non-female bonded harem

Female bonded harem

Question 24

What is a non-female bonded harem?

Answer 24

Females leave their natal units and are attracted to a male who may or may not already have a harem

Question 25

Example of a non-female bonded harem?

Answer 25

Hamadryas baboon

Question 26

Example of a female-bonded harem?

Answer 26

Common lagur

Question 27

What are the 6 types of multi-male, multi-female groups?

Answer 27

a) COLONY e.g. black tailed prairie dog b) HERD e.g. African buffalo c) FEMALE-BONDED SOCIETY e.g. macaques d) NON-FEMALE BONDED SOCIETY e.g. chimpanzees e) PRIDE e.g. lions f) NOMADIC MALES e.g. brown hyaenas

Question 28

What is a territorial male: sociable female society?

Answer 28

Breeding males territory | Groups of females home ranges overlap those of males

Question 29

Example of a territorial male; sociable female society?

Answer 29

White rhino

Question 30

What is a lek society?

Answer 30

Small territories to display to female

Question 31

Example of lek society?

Answer 31

Uganda kob

Question 32

What is a male spaced: sociable female society?

Answer 32

Breeding females non-territorial and mobile | Group of females have home ranges overlapping those of males

Question 33

What is an example of a male spaced: sociable female society?

Answer 33

Savannah elephant

Question 34

What is a eusocial society?

Answer 34

Multi-female, multi-female group | Different castes, Queen is only breeding female

Question 35

Example of a eusocial society?

Answer 35

Naked mole rats

Question 36

What is a ephermeral aggregates?

Answer 36

Multi-male, multi-female group | Groups constantly changing in size and composition

Question 37

What is an example of a ephermeral aggregates society?

Answer 37

Giraffes