Lecture 4b

Question 1

Girdles

Answer 1

-bones that attach to theses limbs to axial skeleton
-allows for movement
pelvic girdle and the pectoral girdle

Question 2

Articulate

Answer 2

-form a joint

Question 3

Pectoral girdle

Answer 3

• comprised of the clavicle and the scapula

- allows for high degree of movement

Question 4

Clavicle

Answer 4

• collar bone
• “S” shaped long bone
• contains an acromial and sternal end

Question 5

Acromial end

Answer 5

articulates wit the acromion of scapula

Question 6

Sternal end

Answer 6

articulates with the sternum

Question 7

Scapula

Answer 7

-shoulder blade
-broad triangular shape
Posterior: spine
Posterior and lateral: acromion
Anterior: coracoid process (acromion and coracoid process extends over the shoulder blade
Glenoid cavity: articulates with the proximal head of the humerus

Question 8

Upper limbs

Answer 8

Humerus-brachium
Radius and ulna- antebrachium
8 carpal 
5 metacarpal
14 phalanges

Question 9

Humerus Proximal features

Answer 9

Head- articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
Anatomical and surgical necks
Greater and less tubercles-site of rotator cuff muscles
Intertubercle sulcus-passage for bicep brachii and ligament and tendon attachment

Question 10

Humerus intermediate features

Answer 10

• shaft

- deltoid tuberosity= site of deltoid attachment (to move your arm)

Question 11

Humerus Distal features

Answer 11

medial and lateral epicondyle
capitulum-articulates with the radius (CAR)
trochlea-articulates with the ulna (TAU)

Question 12

Humerus Distal fossae

Answer 12

Radial fossa: lateral depression and accommodates for the head of radius (anterior)
Coronoid fossa: medial depression and accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna (anterior)
Olecranon fossa: largest fossa and accommodates the olecranon process (posterior)

Question 13

Antebrachium

Answer 13

anatomical position:
radius-lateral
ulna-medial
-connected by the interosseus membrane 
-radio-ulnar joint= movement

Question 14

Radius proximal features

Answer 14

Head: articulates with the capitulum of the humerus (CAR)

Radial tuberosity: attachment of bicep brachii

Question 15

Radial distal features

Answer 15

Radial styloid process- lateral wrist bump

Ulnar notch- medial dent for the head of the ulna

Question 16

Ulna proximal features

Answer 16

Trochlear notch: for the trochlea of humerus
Olecranon: elbow bump, attachment of tricep brachii and articulates with the olecranon fossa
Coronoid process: inferior lip of the trochlear notch and articulates with the coronoid process
Radial notch: lateral and accommodates with the head of the radius

Question 17

Ulna distal features

Answer 17

ulnar styloid process: posteromedial wrist bump

Head: knoblike end

Question 18

Bones of the hand

Answer 18

8 carpal
5 metalcarpal
14 phalanges

Question 19

Lower appendicular skeleton

Answer 19

consists of the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs

-important for movement

Question 20

Pelvis

Answer 20

• contains a right os coxae and a left os coxae
• sacrum
• os coxae
• coccyx

Question 21

Os Coxae

Answer 21

• “hip bone”
• contains 3 bones
  1. ilium
  2. pubis
  3. ischium
• fuse together during puberty

Question 22

Os Coxae articulations

Answer 22

Sacroiliac joint: posterior articulation with the sacrum
Acetabulum: lateral articulation with the femur
Pubic Symphysis: anterior articulation of the other os coxae

Question 23

Illium features

Answer 23

• largest and superior to os coxae
  1. iliac crest
  2. gluteal lines
  3. iliac spine
  4. auricular surface

Question 24

Iliac crest

Answer 24

along the superior border

Question 25

Gluteal lines

Answer 25

- anterior, inferior and posterior | - site of gluteal muscle attachment

Question 26

Iliac Spines

Answer 26

``` Posterior superior Posterior inferior Anterior superior Anterior inferior site of muscles from trunk, thighs and hips ```

Question 27

Auricular surface

Answer 27

medial articulation with sacrum

Question 28

Ischial tuberosity

Answer 28

- located posteriorly inferiorly - supports body weight when seated - origin for deep muscles and hamstrings

Question 29

Pubis Features

Answer 29

- makes up theanterior and inferior region of the os coxae | - two pubis regions articulate with the other os coxae

Question 30

Difference between male and female pelves

Answer 30

Female= shaped like a bowl, ilia is flared out, bones are lighter, thinner and smoother Male=shaped like a funnel, more narrow, larger and bones are heavier, thicker and the markings are more prominent

Question 31

Femur

Answer 31

- considered the thigh | - longest, strongest and heaviest bone in the body

Question 32

Femur proximal features

Answer 32

``` head neck fovea capitis greater and lesser tubercle intertubercle line intertubercle crest gluteal tuberosity linea aspera ```

Question 33

fovea capitis

Answer 33

ligament secures to os coxae

Question 34

Greater and lesser tubercle

Answer 34

massive process for the attachment of powerful hip and thing muscles

Question 35

Intertrochanteric line

Answer 35

anteriorly between the trochanters marking the distal edges of the hip capsule (anterior)

Question 36

Intertrochanteric crest

Answer 36

posterior (more prominent)

Question 37

Gluteal tuberosity

Answer 37

posterior rough region for the attachment of the gluteus maximus muscle

Question 38

Linea aspera

Answer 38

ridge on the posterior shaft for the attachment for many thigh muscles

Question 39

Femur distal features

Answer 39

medial condyle medial epicondyle intercondylar fossa patellar surface

Question 40

Medial and lateral condyle

Answer 40

- posterior - smooth and rounded articular surface - articulates with the tibia

Question 41

Media and lateral epicondyle

Answer 41

- superior to the condyles | - muscle and ligament attachment

Question 42

Intercondylar fossa

Answer 42

between the condyles

Question 43

Patellar surface

Answer 43

when the patella articulates withe the femur

Question 44

Patella

Answer 44

- kneecp - triangular, broad superior border and inferiorly pointed apex - articulates with the patellar surface of femur - helps with movement, to walk

Question 45

Tibia and fibula

Answer 45

-two bones that make up the crural region are the tibia and fibula (parallel to eachother) -connected by interosseus membrane superior and inferior tibio-fibular joint=no movement

Question 46

Tibia proximal features

Answer 46

common: shin bone - medial bone - weight bearing bone medial and lateral condyles of tibia tibial tuberosity anterior tibial border fibular articular facet

Question 47

Medial and lateral condyle of the tibia

Answer 47

rough anterior projection inferior to condyles | attachment site of patellar ligaments

Question 48

Anterior tibial border

Answer 48

ridge extending from tuberosity distally | common=shin

Question 49

Fibular articular facet

Answer 49

articulation site for the head of fibula under the lateral condyles

Question 50

Tibia distal features

Answer 50

medial malleolus | inferior articulation surface

Question 51

medial malleolus

Answer 51

most distal prominent medial process | common= medial bump on ankle

Question 52

Inferior articulation surface (tibia)

Answer 52

where the tibia articulates with the talus (tarsal)

Question 53

Fibula Proximal features

Answer 53

- does not bear weight - site of origin of muscles - proximal head with flat auricular facet for the articulation of the tibia (superior inferior tibio-fibular joint) - narrow neck

Question 54

Fibula Distal features

Answer 54

-shaft -distal end expands into lateral malleolus=provides lateral stability to anke common- lateral ankle bump

Question 55

Bone of the foot

Answer 55

7 tarsal bones 5 metatarsal 14 phalanges