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Anatomy > Lecture 4c > Flashcards

Lecture 4c Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A
  • supports and protects the organs
  • 80 bones
  • provide attachment sites for many muscles
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2
Q

The skull

A

contains the cranial and the facial bones

  • cranial bones have 8 bones and have direct contact with the brain
  • facial bones have 14 bones and don’t have contact with the brain
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3
Q

Cranial bones

A 
parietal bone
temporal bone
occipital bone 
frontal bone
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone
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4
Q

What cranial bones are flat bones ad which are paired?

A

parietal -paired
temporal -paired
occipital
frontal

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5
Q

What cranial bones are irregular bone

A

sphenoid

ethmoid

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6
Q

Sutures

A

immovable, interlocking joints

  • coronal
  • sagittal
  • lambdoid
  • squamous
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7
Q

Coronal suture

A

between the frontal and the parietal bones

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8
Q

Squamous suture

A

between the parietal and temporal bones

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9
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

between the parietal and occipital bones

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10
Q

Sagittal suture

A

between the parietal bones

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11
Q

Supraorbital foramen

A

passage of supraorbital nerve and vessels (anterior view of frontal bone)
-forms the superior portion of orbits
The anterior view of the frontal bone you can see the coronal suture between frontal and parietal bone

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12
Q

Occipital condyle

A

articulates with the vertebrae (where the head of the cranium sits on the vertebral column
-found in the posterior and inferior view of the occipital bone

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13
Q

Foramen magnum

A

passage of the spinal cord

-found in the posterior and inferior view of the occipital bone

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14
Q

Zygomatic process

A

joins the zygomatic bone

-lateral view of the temporal bone

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15
Q

Mastoid process

A

neck muscles attach and can be palpated
(you can feel the large lump behind your ear)
-lateral view of the temporal bone

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16
Q

Styloid process

A

attachment for muscles of tongue and larynx

-lateral view of the temporal bone

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17
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

opening of the auditory (ear) canal

-lateral view of the temporal bone

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18
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

articulates with mandible (jaw)

-lateral view of the temporal bone

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19
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

irregular bone that articulates with all cranial bones (ties all the cranial bones together)
-forms the sphenoidal sinuses

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20
Q

Sella Turcica (Hypophyseal fossa)

A

houses the pituitary glands (chamber)

-sphenoid bone superior view

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21
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

articulates with half of bone in the skull

-contains the crista galli, perpendicular plate and ethmoidal sinuses /air cells

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22
Q

Crista galli

A

helps support and attach the brain

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23
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

forms inner/intermediate architecture of the nose (septum)

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24
Q

Ethmoidal sinuses/air cells

A

open into the nasal cavity, paired sinuses

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25
What does the bones of the face do?
- shape of the face - forms part of orbitals and nasal cavities - supports the teeth - muscle attachment
26
What are the bones of the face
``` zygomatic bone nasal bone lacrimal bone maxilla palatine bone inferior nasal conchae ``` vomer mandible
27
What bones of the face are paired
``` zygomatic bone nasal bone lacrimal bone maxilla palatine bone inferior nasal conchae ```
28
What bones of the face are unpaired
vomer | mandible (jaw)
29
Mandible
-lower jaw -unpaired and comprised of the body and the ramus contains: condylar process coronoid process alveolar process
30
condylar process
mandibular fossa (of temporal bone), forms TMJ
31
Coronoid process
temporalis muscles attachment =allows jaw to open and close
32
Alveolar process
contains sockets for teeth (houses the lower teeth)
33
Maxilla
2 paired bones that are fused together-comprised of the upper jaw contains: alveolar process palatine process
34
Alveolar process (maxilla)
houses the upper teeth
35
Palatine process
most of the hard palate (anterior)
36
Maxilla sinus
paired, large cavity from orbits to alveolar processes
37
Zygomatic bone
-cheekbone -paired and forms part of orbits contains: maxillary process frontal process temporal process
38
Maxillary process
articulates with the maxilla | -part of the zygomatic bone
39
Frontal process
articulates with the frontal bone | -part of the zygomatic bone
40
Temporal process
articulates with the zygomatic process of temporal bone | -part of zygomatic bone
41
Vomer bone
- unpaired - triangular shape - helps form inferior nasal septum
42
Palatine bone
-paired and is an "L" shaped bone contains: horizontal plate vertical (perpendicular) plate
43
Horizontal plate
from posterior hard palate
44
Vertical (perpendicular) plate of Palatine bone
forms nasal cavity | posterior and lateral of nasal cavity
45
Lacrimal bone
- paired and anterior - forms medial walls of orbits - groove (lacrimal fossa) > tear drainage into nasal cavity
46
Nasal bone
- paired, anterior - bones and hyaline cartilage - forms part of the nasal cavity
47
Inferior nasal conchae
-paired -form part of lateral nasal cavity wall -air passes through conchae with high surface area - allows for heating, humidification and filtering of inhaled air increases the amount of air to pass through body
48
What are the four paired sinuses
maxillary (largest) sphenoid ethmoid frontal
49
The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull around the nasal cavity for:
- mucous production - lightens skull - resonant chambers for sound production while speaking
50
Hyoid bone
- located between the mandible and larynx - does not articulate with another bone - ligament connects it with the styloid process of temporal bone
51
List the vertebral column, how many bones are in each section and where they are located
cervical- 7 bones (form neck) thoracic- 12 bones (form the superior portion of the back) lumbar - 5 bones (inferior region of back) sacrum- 5 fused vertebrae coccyx - 4 fused vertebrae
52
What forms the vertebral foramen
the vertebral arch and the vertebral body (passage of the spinal cord)
53
Spinous process
projects posteriorly
54
Transverse process
-lateral projection
55
Articular processes and facet
-articulates with other vertebrae (superior and inferior)
56
Atlas C1
-deep superior articular facets -articulates with the occipital condyles of the occipital bone -does not have a body or spinous process nod yes
57
Axis C2 "dens"
dens=superior projection the missing body of atlas- cradles the anterior arch of atlas nod no
58
atlantoaxial joint
Dens C2 allows for the rotation of the skull due to the transverse ligaments
59
Sacrum
-5 vertebrae -fuse between 20-30years Alas: "wings" on each side that articulates with the os coxae along the auricular surface Sacral promontory: the anteriorsuperior edge of the first vertebrae (near the body's centre of gravity)
60
Coccyx
- fusion of 4 vertebrae - common: tail bone - attachment site for ligaments and muscles
61
Thoracic Cage
- bony frame around the chest composed of the: 1. thoracic vertebrae 2. sternum 3. ribs 4. costal cartilage - protects the lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus and other thoracic organs
62
Sternum
- common: breastbone - anterior midline - contains 3 components: 1. marubrium 2. body 3. xiphoid process
63
The ribs
``` 12 pairs (flat bone) articulates posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae ```
64
True ribs
ribs 1-7 articulates anteriorly with the sternum via costa cartilage vertebrosternal ribs
65
False ribs
ribs 8-12 their costal cartilage does not attach with the sternum vertebrochondral ribs
66
Floating ribs
false ribs (paired 11-12) does not attach to the sternum
67
Rib anatomy and articulation with the thoracic vertebrae
Angle: curving towards the sternum - articular facet of the head for the thoracic vertebrae - articular facet of the tubercle for the transverse process

Anatomy (3 decks)

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