Lecture 5 Flashcards
(50 cards)
Homeostasis
How an animal copes with the environment.balance maintenance of the organisms internal enviounment& occurs through a series functional control systems
Where does the sensoryperception occur through?
Sensory nervous system
What senses transduce from the real world to the mind to interpret info creating our perception of the world?
Touch, smell, hearing, taste, vision
What activates the CNS?
Change in the homeostasis
Tree of CNS
CNS
Autonomic NS response
Sympathetic OR parasympathetic NS
CNS
neuroendocrine system
Stress
Bio response when an individual perceives a threat to its homeostasis
Threat = the stressor
2 stressor stimulus
Acute and chronic
Acute stress
Brief exposure to a single stressor
Chronic stress
Long term exposure to a stressor = continuous stress
Distress
Term to differentiate between non threatening stress response and bio state where stress has bad effect on welfare
Aversive negative state where organisms can’t return to homeostasis
1st response to stress?
Example?
Behaviour. Avoid stressor by removing itself from the threat
Ex: cows seek shaded when hot
Is behaviour response appropriate for all stressors?
No. The behaviour options can be limited by confinement.
Behaviour in this situation can provide potential clues to distress.
Second line of defence to cope with stress
Autonomic Nervous System. Enter in action the SAM. Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary System
Response from autonomic nervous system. What is the duration?
Fight or flight response
Short duration
Fight or flight response order
Sympathetic autonomic nervous system -> activated adrenal medulla -> catecholamine secretion ( adrenaline and noradrenaline )
What does release of catecholamines do
Increase heart rate and BP, release glucose to blood, dilate bronchioles, change blood flow patterns
Potential Negative effects of fight or flight response
Can lead to animal death by over Stimulation by adrenaline, excessive rxn of the parasympathetic to the action of the sympathetic (cardiac arrest)
3rd Response to stress
Neuroendocrine system. Enter in action the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA axis
Time Effect of the HPA access on the body
Broad long lasting effect. Affects immune competence reproduction metabolism and behaviour. 
Parts of the adrenal glands
Cortex and medulla
What does the adrenal medulla produce? What response / system
Epinephrin and norepinephrine. Fight or flight response. 
What does the adrenal cortex produce? What response/system?
Glucocorticoids example of cortisol. Neuroendocrine system (HPA Action)
Biological cost x stress
Prolonged periods of stress / severe stress is biologically costly. Burden to body
4th response to stress
Immune system
