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1 Therapeutic Exercise > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Flexibility

A

ability to move a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through an unrestricted pain-free ROM

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2
Q

Dynamic Flexibility

A

degree to which a muscle contraction can actively move a body part through available joint ROM

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3
Q

Passive Flexibility

A

degree to which body part can be moved through available joint ROM by means of assistance. causes more flexibility

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4
Q

ROM assesses

A

osteokinematics (voluntary motions)

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5
Q

Joint play assesses

A

arthrokinematics (involuntary motions)

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6
Q

Mobility

A

used to describe movement of body segments, joints, and tissues as well as locomotion

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7
Q

AROM assesses

A

contractile tissue performance

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8
Q

PROM assesses

A

non-contractile tissue

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9
Q

Hypomobility

A

decreased mobility or restricted motion
caused by extrinsic or intrinsic forces

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10
Q

Extrinsic forces

A

casts, fixators, splints
outside of the body

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11
Q

Intrinsic forces

A

pain, inflammation, bony deformities
sedentary lifestyle
paralysis
postural malalignment

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12
Q

Adaptive shortening

A

shortening of soft tissue relative to its normal resting length

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13
Q

Causes of adaptive shortening

A

prolonged period of time
immobilization
sedentary lifestyle
tissue trauma (results in disuse)

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14
Q

Contracture

A

joint is in a fixed position and highly resistant to passive stretch. May be a complete or partial loss of ROM

caused by surgery, immobilization, burns, paralysis, joint disease

results in remodeling of tissue (bone growing in soft tissue)

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15
Q

How can you determine its a contracture or adaptive shortening?

A

Intrinsic/extrinsic factors
Observation
ROM testing (end feel is different)
MMT (very weak or spastic)
Palpation

AS can be ruled out AROM/PROM are normal

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16
Q

Hypermobility

A

joint mobility, laxity, length of a tissue that is beyond normal range. It is neither painful nor dysfunctional. No associated impairments

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17
Q

Instability

A

osteokinematic and/or arthrokinematic movement that is excessive resulting in dysfunction, pain, and/or impairment

joint is uncontrollable

marfann’s syndrome

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18
Q

Joint mobility is controlled by

A

dynamic muscle contraction
proprioception
non-contractile tissues

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19
Q

Normal mobility

A

osteokinematic motion, arthrokinematic motion, and neuromuscular coordination to achieve purposeful movement

requires:
roll, spin, glide
structural integrity
muscle ROM
normal CNS/PNS
requires healthy muscle units

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20
Q

Cycle of immobility

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A

Injury
Immobility
Decreased loading
adaptive shortening
decreased mobility/function
disuse & substitution
pain increase

21
Q

Immobility effects….

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A

all tissue types
muscle
tendon
ligament
articular cartilage
bone

22
Q

Immobilization on muscle

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A

muscle fiber atrophy
decrease in electrical activity
increased connective tissue
fatty infiltration
position effects # of sarcomeres

23
Q

Mobilization on muscle

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A

lengthy rehab necessary to restore muscle performance

24
Q

Immobilization on tendon

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A

reduced collagen fiber bundles, disorganized fibers
decreased tensile strength and elasticity
lower tissue turnover compared to muscle

25
Mobilization on tendon
early: improvement of tensile strength and energy absorption capacity facilitates normal gliding and soft tissue relationships prevents excessive scar formation
26
Immobilization on ligament
decreased collagen mass, strength, stiffness increase stiffness in joint disproportionate increase in young collagen (becomes weak) bony resorption & weakening at insertion sites
27
Immobilization on Articular Cartilage
degeneration of articular surfaces collage fiber splitting and fibrillation subchondral bone sclerosis osteophyte development
28
Mobilization on ligament
exercise and loading restore mechanical and structural properties of insertion sites tissue response is dependent on immobilization period
29
Mobilization on Articular Cartilage
prevent degeneration, degradation, progression to osteoarthritis
30
Mobilization on bone
bone changes may not be reversible depends on bone quality response exceeds that of all other tissues
31
Immobilization on bone
decreased bone mass and synthesis greater loss occurs in weight-bearing bones
32
Collagen changes
immobilization = weak inactivity = decreased size of fibers steroids = degeneration age = slower rate of adapting
33
Interventions to increase mobility
stretching joint mobilizations soft tissue mobilization neural glides hold relax
34
Stretching
therapeutic maneuver that increases the extensibility of soft tissues goal is to produce elongation of muscle tendon unit, collagen, connective tissues
35
Indications for stretching
ROM loss due to adhesions/scars Adaptive shortening Muscle weakness sport requires ROM
36
Precautions for stretching
don't exceed normal range recent fractures osteoporosis frail elderly prolonged immobilization very weak musculature chronic steroid use
37
Contraindications for stretching
bone block recent fracture that is unstable inflammatory or infection sharp/acute pain hematoma/tissue trauma shortened soft tissues
38
Elasticity
ability of soft tissue to return to its pre-stretch resting length directly after short-duration stretch has been removed
39
Viscoelasticity
time dependent property, resists deformation at first. Allows a change in length then a gradual return to pre-stretch state
40
Plasticity
tendency of soft tissue to assume a new and greater length after stretch force has been removed
41
Elastic range is a ____stretch
COMFORTABLE
42
Static stretching
tissue is elongated past point of tissue resistance held in that position for a period of time
43
Static progressive stretching
stretch is applied, relaxation is felt, new end range is held
44
Cyclic stretching
short duration of hold, slow application good if pt is uncomfortable
45
Ballistic stretching
rapid, forceful, high-speed, high-intensity stretch bouncy movements athletic populations
46
Determinants of Stretching
alignment stabilization intensity duration speed frequency mode
47
Intensity
low-moderate low load
48
Duration
90 seconds
49
Frequency of stretching
increase: 6 times a week maintain: 2-3 a week

1 Therapeutic Exercise (16 decks)

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