Lecture 5

Question 1

frontal plane

Answer 1

anterior and posterior halves

Question 2

transverse plane

Answer 2

inferior and superior portions (twisting)

Question 3

sagittal plane

Answer 3

left and right sides

Question 4

anteroposterior axis

Answer 4

-front to back
-associated with the frontal plane

Question 5

longitudinal axis

Answer 5

-top to bottom
-associated with the transverse plane

Question 6

Mediolateral axis

Answer 6

-side to side
-associated with the sagittal plane

Question 7

the human body is made up of _____ connected by ______

Answer 7

rigid segments (bones)
rotational constraints (joints)

Question 8

the shoulder (glenohumeral) joints

Answer 8

ball and socket joint

greatest range of motion and movement potential out of any joint in the human body

Question 9

shoulder (glenohumeral) joint movements

Answer 9

flexion and extension:
-sagittal plane and mediolateral axis)

abduction and adduction:
-frontal plane and anteroposterior

medial and lateral rotation
-transverse plane and longitudinal axis

Question 10

the elbow joints

Answer 10

ulnahumeral and radiohumeral joints
-hinge joints

superior and inferior radioulnar joints
-pivot joints (allows for supination and pronation)

Question 11

the hip (acetabulofemoral) joints

Answer 11

ball and socket joints

Question 12

hip (acetabulofemoral) joint movements

Answer 12

flexion and extension
-sagittal plane and medioalterla axis

abduction and adduction
-frontal plane and anterior posterior axis

medial and lateral rotation
-transverse plane and longitudinal axis

Question 13

the knee (tibiofemoral) joints

Answer 13

double condyloid or modified hinge joints

significant translation accompanies knee joint motion

Question 14

knee (tibiofemoral) joint movements

Answer 14

flexion and extension
-sagittal plane and mediolateral

medial and lateral rotation
-transverse plane and longitudinal axis

Question 15

the ankle (talocrural) joint

Answer 15

hinge joint

Question 16

ankel (talocrural) joint movements

Answer 16

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
-sagittal plane and mediolateral axis

Question 17

Joint angles

Answer 17

the angle between the longitudinal xis of two segments
defined as the angle of one segments relative to another segment

Question 18

the angle vertex

Answer 18

is aligned with the joint connecting two segments
describes the relative position of two segments

Question 19

Joint angle conventions

Answer 19

a system of lower limb conventions has been proposed for two-dimensional sagittal plane rotations of the hip, knee and ankle joints

with this system, it is assumed that the right side of the body is captured

Question 20

hip angle convention:
when the angle is positive the hip is in a ______ position

Answer 20

flexed

Question 21

hip angle convention:
when the angle is zero the hip is in a ________ position

Answer 21

neutral

Question 22

hip angle convention:
when the angle is _______ the hip is in a extended position

Answer 22

negative

Question 23

knee angle convention :
when the knee angle is _______ the knee is in a flexed position

Answer 23

flexed (most of the time where it is)

Question 24

knee angle convention :
when the knee angle is zero the knee is an _______ position

Answer 24

extended

Question 25

knee angle convention : when the knee angle is ______ the knee is in an hyper-extended position

Answer 25

negative

Question 26

ankel angle convention: when the angle is _____ the ankle is in a dorsiflexed position

Answer 26

positive

Question 27

ankel angle convention: when the angle is zero the ankle is in an _____ position

Answer 27

neutral

Question 28

ankel angle convention: when the angle is _____ the ankle is a plantar flexed position

Answer 28

negative