Lecture 5

Question 1

Where does the shoot arise from?

Answer 1

The shoot arises from the apical meristem (within a bid on the cane/spur from the previous season.)

Question 2

What is Phenology?

Answer 2

1. “A branch of science dealing with the relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena”
2. In grapevines it describes vegetative and reproductive cycle!

Question 3

Name (and when applicable) describe the major stages of the Vegetative Cycle

Answer 3

Budburst
Shoots 10 cm (Inflorescence clear, 5 leaves seperated)
Flowering Begins
Flowering (50% caps off)
Setting (Young berries growing Bunch at right angles to stem)
Berries pea-size (Bunches hanging down)
Veraison (Berry softening continues Berry colouring begins)
Harvest (Berries Ripe)

Question 4

What happens to grapevines during Senescence?

Answer 4

• Canes ripen from green to brown
• Leaves can fall prematurely in cases of frost in the fall (.: wind machines)

Question 5

What happens to the grapevines durnig dormancy?

Answer 5

Vines go through acclimation in the fall and build-up sugar that acts like anti-freeze (freezing point depression)

Question 6

What hormones do buds produce? What does it do?

Answer 6

Buds produce hormone auxin; that stimulates bud swelling.

Question 7

Difference between cane and cordons?

Answer 7

Cane pruning uses a SHOOT from the previous season to grow while a mature cordon uses SPURS pruned from previous season.

Question 8

What does VSP stand for?

Answer 8

Vertical Shoot Positioning

Question 9

Name 3 Grapevine Training Systems

Answer 9

VSP, Pendelbogen, Halbbogen, Scott Henry,

Question 10

Where are the shoots formed?

Answer 10

The shoot tissues are pre-formed in the bud, which is dormat through the winter.

Question 11

What is the goal of the different training systems?

Answer 11

Goal is to optimize yield and fruit quality and ripeness.

Question 12

What is the main function of the root?

Answer 12

• Water and mineral absorption
• Anchor and support
• To store carbohydrates/starch

Question 13

What is a rooted vine?

Answer 13

Grapevines that are grown from cuttint lack of taproot, and have many main roots that originate from the vascular cambium.

Question 14

List 5 Reasons to Use Rootstocks

Answer 14

-phylloxera resistance
-nematode resistance
-lime tolerant
-adaptability to low pH soils, saline soils, wet feet and drought
-shorten growing season
-winter hardiness
-control uptake of nutrients
-decrease vine size

Question 15

Describe the life cycle of the phylloxera?

Answer 15

Complex lifestyle and lives in 2 different populations on the leaves and on the roots.

Question 16

What does the state of the soil prior to planting determine?

Answer 16

-how deep and extensively the roots are able to migrate through the soil

Question 17

Where do roots form?

Answer 17

Roots form in the pericycle in the vascular tissue of the rootstock.

Question 18

Do rootstocks beneficial?

Answer 18

Rootstocks provide many benefits: pest resistance and resistance to soil and climatic consitions.

Question 19

Establishing ______ early in the grapevine life is important for the health of the vine.

Answer 19

Establishment of the roots early in the grapevine life is important for the health of the vine.