Lecture 5 Flashcards
Tectonics
The forces controlling deformation or structural behavior of a large area of the Earth’s crust over a long period of
time.
Extrabasinal
Pre-existing rocks that are deposited. (Out of the basin)
Intrabasinal
Rocks that are deposited by chemical precipitates. Carbonate rocks and coal. (Inside the basin)
Continental
Environment on land
Transitional
Environment between ocean and land
Marine
Environment in ocean
Continental Shelf
The flooded edge of the continent.
Continental Slope
The steeper slope at edge of the continent.
turbidity current
A submarine avalanche of sediment and water that speeds down a submarine slope. (UNDERWATER AVALANCHE)
Continental rise
the gently sloping surface at the base of the continental slope
Deep Marine Realm
The deep ocean floor
Transitional Depositional Environments
Environments at or near the transition between the land and the sea.
Deltas
the flat, low-lying plain that sometimes forms at the mouth of a river from deposits of sediments.
Beaches and Barrier Islands
a coastal landforms
Lagoons/Estuaries
Bodies of water on the landward side of barrier islands
Fluvial Environments
Braided and meandering river and stream systemsy
Alluvial Fans
Fan-shaped
deposits at base
of mountains.
Playa lakes
shallow, temporary lakes that form in arid regions They periodically dry up as a result of evaporation
Till
Glacial deposit that contain large volumes of unsorted mixtures of
boulders, gravel, sand and
clay
Eolian Environments
Sediment deposition primarily governed by wind.
Color of Sedimentary Rocks (BLACK)
generally indicates the presence of organic carbon and/or iron in water(Anoxic) environment.
Color of Sedimentary Rocks (RED)
Indicates the presence of iron oxides. Unusually in well-oxygenated
continental sedimentary
environments.
Color of Sedimentary Rocks (GREEN AND GRAY)
Indicates the presence of iron, but in a reduced (rather than an oxidized) state.
Texture of rock (Fine-grained)
Indicate deposition in quiet water.
