Lecture 5

Question 1

first found in the nuclei of cells

Answer 1

Nucleic Acids

Question 2

the best-known nucleic acid

Answer 2

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 3

an integral part of chromosomes, which contain genes that carry the information responsible for the synthesis of proteins.

Answer 3

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 4

a combination of a nitrogen base, a 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphoric acid.DNA

Answer 4

Nucleotide

Question 5

has one of five different bases and one of two different sugars.

Answer 5

Nucleotide

Question 6

composed of two fused rings incorporating
two nitrogen atoms in each ring

Answer 6

Adenine and guanine;

Question 7

composed of a single ring with two
nitrogen atoms in the ring
structure

Answer 7

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil;

Question 8

provides the “acid” in nucleic acid

Answer 8

Phosphoric acid

Question 9

The combination of a nitrogen base with a 5-carbon sugar is a

Answer 9

Nucleoside

Question 10

Phosporic Acid + nucleoside

Answer 10

Nucleotide

Question 11

a phosphate ester of a nucleoside.

Answer 11

Nucleotide

Question 12

are complex biological molecules,
primarily or entirely protein, that behave as biological catalysts.

Answer 12

enzymes

Question 13

Enzymes are normally very specific in their action, often targeting only one specific
reacting species, known as

Answer 13

Substrate

Question 14

Some enzymes consist entirely of proteins, whereas others have nonprotein
portions known

Answer 14

Cofactors

Question 15

a cofactor that is a small organic molecule such as a vitamin.

Answer 15

Coenzyme

Question 16

are organic molecules that are essential for normal health and growth.

Answer 16

Vitamins

Question 17

are soluble in aqueous solutions and cannot be stored in the body.

Answer 17

Water-soluble vitamins

Question 18

are easily destroyed by heat, oxygen, and ultraviolet light

Answer 18

Water-soluble vitamins

Question 19

B1 is also known as

Answer 19

Thiamine

Question 20

Thiamine is associated with what coenzyme?

Answer 20

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

Question 21

B2 is also known as

Answer 21

Riboflavin

Question 22

B2 is associated with what coenzyme?

Answer 22

flavin adeninecdinucleotide (FAD) and flavin
mononucleotide (FMN)

Question 23

B3 is known as

Answer 23

Niacin

Question 24

B3 is associated with what coenzyme?

Answer 24

nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide
(NAD2+) and nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide
phosphate (NADP2+)

Question 25

B5 is known as

Answer 25

Pantothenic acid,

Question 26

Pantothenic acid is associated with what coenzyme?

Answer 26

coenzyme A

Question 27

B6 is known as

Answer 27

Pyridoxine

Question 28

B6 associated with what coenzyme?

Answer 28

pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

Question 29

B9 is known as

Answer 29

Folic Acid

Question 30

B9 associated with what coenzyme?

Answer 30

tetrahydrofolate (THF)

Question 31

B12 is known as

Answer 31

Cobalamin

Question 32

B12 associated with what coenzyme?

Answer 32

methylcobalamin

Question 33

Vitamin C is known as

Answer 33

Ascorbic Acid

Question 34

Vitamin H is known as

Answer 34

Biotin

Question 35

Soluble in lipids but not in aqueous solutions.

Answer 35

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Question 36

What are the Fat soluble Vitamins?

Answer 36

Vitamins A, D, E, & K

Question 36

Vitamin A is also known as

Answer 36

Retinol

Question 37

Vitamin D (D3)is also known as

Answer 37

Cholecalciferol

Question 38

Vitamin E is also known as

Answer 38

Tocopherol

Question 39

regulates the absorption of phosphorus and calcium during bone growth.

Answer 39

Vitamin D

Question 40

Necessary to avoid night blindness, immune system repression, and slowed growth.

Answer 40

Vitamin A

Question 41

An antioxidant in cells.

Answer 41

Vitamin E

Question 42

Vitamin K is also known as

Answer 42

Menaquinon

Question 43

Needed for the synthesis of zymogens for blood clotting.

Answer 43

Vitamin K

Question 43

Necessary to avoid hemolysis and anemia.

Answer 43

Vitamin E