Lecture 6

Question 1

describes all of the chemical reactions that take place in an organism.

Answer 1

METABOLISM

Question 2

Holds in the cell contents

Answer 2

Plasma membrane

Question 3

Includes several special internal structures

Answer 3

Organelles

Question 4

The fluid portion of the cell that is involved in anaerobic metabolism

Answer 4

Cytosol

Question 5

a series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a substrate molecule

Answer 5

Metabolic Pathway

Question 6

play a key role in aerobic energy production

Answer 6

Mitochhondria

Question 7

Produces lipids

Answer 7

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Fluid portion of cell

Answer 8

Cytosol

Question 9

“Powerhouse of the cell”

Answer 9

Mitochondrion

Question 10

First organ to metabolize, store, and distribute nutrients after absorption

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are absorbed as

Answer 11

Amino acids
Monosaccharides
Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 12

Is the most metabolically active organ in the body

Answer 12

Liver

Question 13

Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are in the liver converted to

Answer 13

Usable forms of energy & Storage forms

Question 14

Building up of molecules

Answer 14

Anabolism

Question 15

Breaking down of molecules

Answer 15

catabolism

Question 16

Food contains three nutrients that are used
as energy sources. These nutrients can be broken down into smaller molecules

Answer 16

Catabolism

Question 17

Small molecules are assembled into large one where energy is required

Answer 17

anabolic

Question 18

Large molecules are broken down into small one where energy is released

Answer 18

Catabolic

Question 19

Many of the building blocks of larger
molecules come directly from our
food.

Answer 19

Anabolism

Question 20

regulate anabolic and catabolic reactions

Answer 20

Hormones

Question 21

allow chemical reactions of metabolism to occur at rates sufficient to maintain normal body function

Answer 21

enzymes

Question 22

Stimulates protein synthesis

Answer 22

Insulin

Question 23

Promotes lipolysis

Answer 23

Caffeine

Question 24

Stimulates protein degradation

Answer 24

Glucagon

Question 25

the initial conversion of a carbohydrate to energy.

Answer 25

Glycolysis

Question 26

The first step in glycolysis is the conversion of D-glucose into glucose-6-phosphate. The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction

Answer 26

Hexokinase

Question 27

the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule derived from ATP.

Answer 27

Phosphorylation

Question 28

splits fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into two sugars that are isomers of each other.

Answer 28

Aldolase

Question 28

changes fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

Answer 28

Phosphofructokinase,

Question 29

The second reaction of glycolysis is the rearrangement of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) into fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) by

Answer 29

Phosphoglucose Isomerase

Question 30

rapidly inter- converts the molecules dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP).

Answer 30

triosephosphate isomerase

Question 31

The only molecule that continues in the glycolytic pathway.

Answer 31

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP).

Question 31

Dehydrogenates and adds an inorganic phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, producing 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

Answer 31

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)

Question 32

transfers a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP to form ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.

Answer 32

Phosphoglycerate Kinase

Question 32

relocates the P from 3- phosphoglycerate from the 3rd carbon to the 2nd carbon to form 2-phosphoglycerate.

Answer 32

phosphoglycero mutase

Question 33

This step involves a simple rearrangement of the position of the phosphate group on the 3 phosphoglycerate molecule, making it 2 phosphoglycerate.

Answer 33

Step 8: Phosphoglycerate Mutase

Question 34

This step involves the conversion of 2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).

Answer 34

Step 9: Enolase

Question 35

works by removing a water group, or dehydrating the 2 phosphoglycerate.

Answer 35

Enolase

Question 35

transfers a P from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP to form pyruvic acid

Answer 35

pyruvate kinase

Question 35

a series of reactions that generate glucose from noncarbohydrate sources.

Answer 35

Gluconeogenesis

Question 36

Nobel Prize in Physiology and medicine 1947

Answer 36

Carl and Gerty Cori

Question 37

known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the Krebs cycle

Answer 37

citric acid cycle

Question 38

The citrate is rearranged to form what kind of isomeric form?

Answer 38

isocitrate