lecture 5

Question 1

2 types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 1

muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 2

2 types of adrenergic receptors

Answer 2

a and B

Question 3

sympathetic discharges result in ___ activation

Answer 3

diffuse

Question 4

parasympathetic discharges result in ___ activation

Answer 4

discrete

Question 5

type of cholinergic and adrenergic receptors in the heart

Answer 5

cholinergic- M2

adrengeric- B1

Question 6

2 locations with only M3 receptors

Answer 6

bladder (micturition) and penis (erection)

Question 7

why are hypotension and falls common in elderly populations?

Answer 7

baroreceptor stretch reflex impairment

Question 8

parasympathetic effect on iris and ciliary mm

Answer 8

iris- contaction (miosis)

ciliary muscle- contraction (accommodation)

Question 9

what is classically regarded as a sympathetic action, but is mediated by muscarinic receptors and ACH?

Answer 9

sweating

Question 10

how to direct vs indirect cholinergic agonists work

Answer 10

direct = stimulate receptor
indirect = inhibit ACH degradation

Question 11

binds nicotinic receptors and is a treatment for glaucoma

Answer 11

carbachol

Question 12

binds muscarinic receptors for the treatment of bowel/bladder ileus

Answer 12

bethanehol

Question 13

used as a topical agent for glaucoma or a PO agent for xerostomia

Answer 13

pilocarpine

Question 14

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that is from the alabar bean and has good CNS penetration

Answer 14

physostigmine

Question 15

irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor that can be used to treat lice

Answer 15

malathion

Question 16

muscarinic antagonist that has wide distribution, effects M1/M2 and M3 and is used to increase HR in emergencies

Answer 16

atropine

Question 17

4 relative contraindications for belladonna alkaloids

Answer 17

glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, dementia, delirium

Question 18

hycosamine vs. dicyclomide

Answer 18

hycosamine is a belladonna alkaloid, while dicyclolmide is synthetic, but both are muscarinic antagonists (anticholinergic)

Question 19

used to treat drug-induced extrapyramidal sx

Answer 19

benztropine

Question 20

agents used for the reversal of non depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

Answer 20

reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Question 21

only depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

Answer 21

succinylcholine

Question 22

what needs to be monitored closely when succinylcholine is used?

Answer 22

potassium, because hyperkalemia can occur

Question 23

how does pilocarpine treat acute angle glaucoma?

Answer 23

contracts the ciliary muscle and causes miosis, which increase the outflow of aqueous humor

Question 24

what is the typical cause of death from organophosphate poisoning?

Answer 24

paralysis of the diaphragm –> respiratory failure

Question 25

hemicholinium

Answer 25

decreases ACH synthesis by decreasing choline uptake into neurons

Question 26

vesamicol

Answer 26

decreases ACH transport into vesicles

Question 27

botox

Answer 27

decreases ACH release from vesicles