Lecture 5-6! Vitamins! Flashcards
Vitamins are what?
ESSENTIAL! Body cannot synthesize!
Wht do vitamins do?
Promote growth an health maintenance!
What are water soluble vitamins?
B and C B is a large class! Dont require fat to be absorbed easy toabsorb dont worry about high absorption-- able to excrete
What are fat soluble?
A, D, E, K– requires fat in diet for absortion
Fortified Foods lead to…
Vitamins building up in toxic levels.. unregulated industry
Dietary Supplements
Widely abused and promoted
Food supply contains all vitamins could possibly need- if not in food plain multivitamin can help
Cannot replace phytonutrients or benefit of varied diet
Bio-availability of Vitamins
Must be absorbed by body too preform their function
Most absorbed by small intestine
B vitamins function
COENZYME!!
combines with enzyme to push forward reactions
—–especially energy metabolism–citric acid cycle
DO NOT SUPPLY ENERGY!!!!! Help release energy through co-enzyme process, so may be prescribed to tired patients
Most nutrient dense to least
frozen produce> fresh produce> canned
b vitamins are in fruits and veggies
—frozen— picket at their peak time–
canned–low cost option– cnan be stored– high temps to kill bacteria can also destroy vitamins
fresh– picked to early,
B1 Vitamin– Major name and description
Thiamin
Fxns:
assist in energy metabolism.
pyruvate –>acetyl CoA
health of nervous system
What does a deficiency of thiamin cause?
Nervous system problems. Problems with energy metabolism
Beriberi disease: tingling, loss of feeling
wenicke- Korsakoff sndrome– alcoholics– become beneficent in B1 (thiamin)
Riboflavin fxn
co enzyme–
FAD!! citric acid cycle– breakdown of fatty acid
FMN!! along with FAD they both are electron carriers in ETC
How can riboflavin be destroyed?
Heat or exposure to light.
Milk-clear glass bottle is BAD
Sources of Riboflavin
Milk, pork, beef
Deficiency of riblovin
rare in US– inflammation of lips, mouth tounge
Niacin fxn
Coenzyme–
NAD/NADP
energy release, metabolism, electron release, metabolism, electron acceptance, citric acid cycle!!
NAD–needed in multiple steps of metabolism–damage is widespread
dietary sorces of niacin
animal products— chicken
have essential amino acids in them
Niacin quick fact hint: amino acids
can be synthesized from amino acid tryptophan if diet is adequate
deficiency of Niacin– ON EXAM!!
Pellagra
4ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, death, dementia
Toxicity of Niacin
supplements can lower blood triglycerides abut may result in Elevated blood pressure Cardoca arrhythmia Elevated blood sugar levels Impaired liver function
What is Biotin fxn
co-enzyme in energy metabolism
What can destroy biotin
raw eggs (avidin)
What are dietary sources of biotin
liver, egg yolks, yogurt, nuts
–deficiency is uncommon!
B6 (Pyridoxine)
3 different compounds——- pyri blah blah blah
Important— they all form: pyridoxal phosphate (coenzyme)
