Lecture 5: Arm & Extensor Forearm Flashcards by JT Cornelius

What are the two compartments of the arm?

Posterior & Anterior

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Describe the posterior compartment of the arm

Extensors (generally)
Radian Nerve innervation
Deep brachial artery

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Describe the anterior compartment of the arm

Flexors (generally)
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Brachial Artery

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What is the cubital fossa?

Triangular depression in the arm

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Boundaries of cubital fossa?

Medially: Pronator teres
Laterally: Brachioradialis

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What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Biceps Brachii Tendon
Brachial A
Median N

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Describe the posterior compartment of the forearm

Extensors (generally)
Radial Nerve
Posterior interosseous artery

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Describe the anterior compartment of the forearm

Flexors (generally)
Median & Ulnar Nerves
Radial & Ulnar arteries

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What are the boundaries of the carpal tunnel?

Carpal bones (floor/walls)
Flexor Retinaculum (roof)

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What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

Median Nerve
Tendons

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What are the compartments of the hand [5]

Hypothenar
Thenar
Central
Adductor
Interosseous

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What is the arterial supply of the upper limb (flow)?

Subclavian –> Axillary –> Brachial Artery

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What is the first major branch form the brachial a.?

Deep Brachial a.

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What does the brachial artery bifurcate into?

Ulnar & Radial Arteries

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The ulnar and radial arteries anastomose and form what?

Superficial & Deep Palmar Arches in the Hand

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What does superficial fascia of the arm contain?

Superficial veins, cutaneous nerves, lymphatics

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What is another name for deep fascia of the arm?

Brachial fascia

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What does brachial fascia do?

Gives off medial & lateral intermuscular septa - this divides the arm into anterior and posterior compartments

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What fascia deals with compartment syndrome?

Brachial fascia

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What are the contents of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Brachial artery and veins
Proximal ½ of ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

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What are the contents of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
Deep Brachial Artery
(almost all of) radial nerve
Distal ½ of ulnar nerve

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What are the actions of anterior arm muscles?

Primarily flexors

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What is the innervation of anterior arm muscles?

Musculocutaneous n

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What is the action of the biceps brachii?

Flexes and supinates elbow (powerful supinator)

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What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

Flexes the shoulder

What is the action of the brachialis?

Flexes elbow

What is the difference between supination and pronation?

Supination: Rotation of forearm so palm is pointing anteriorly Pronation: rotation of forearm so palm is pointing posteriorly

What do posterior arm muscles do?

Primary extensors of elbow

What is the innervation of posterior arm muscles?

Radial N

Action of Triceps Bachii

Extend elbow and shoulder/arm

What is the aconeus

Muscle on posterior elbow, small triangular muscle

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Biceps brachii tendon Brachial artery (dividing into radial and ulnar aa) Brachial veins Median nerve Radial nerve

T/F: The median cubital vein is IN the cubital fossa?

False - it is superficial to the fossa

What type of joint is the elbow?

Hinge

Is the elbow joint stable in adults?

Yes

Is the elbow joint stable in children?

Not really

What is the primary movement at the elbow joint?

Flexion and extension

What ligaments strengthen the elbow joint?

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament Radial (lateral( collateral ligaement

What ligament goes from the medial epicondyle to the ulna?

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

What ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to radius?

Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

What ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the radius?

Radial (Lateral) collateral ligament

What ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the radius?

Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

What ligament Surrounds neck of radius – holds head of radius in place?

Anular ligament

Where do a majority of elbow dislocations occur? (ant or post?)

Posteriorly

Describe "Nursemaid's elbow"

Subluxation of Head of Radius Occurs when there is a sudden pull on the pronated forearm - this tears the annular ligament and radial head is pulled out

Children are more prone to get radial head subluxation. Why?

Anular ligament thinner, radial head not fully formed.

What important structure does NOT go through the cubital fossa?

Ulnar N

How many carpal bones do we have? metacarpals? phalanges?

C: 8 M: 5 P: 14

What finger joint is the "knuckles"?

MP (metacarpophalangeal) joints

What finger joint is between proximal and middle phalanges?

PIP (proximal interphalangeal)

What join is between middle and distal phalanges?

DIP (distal interphalangeal)

What joint does the thumb have?

IP (interphalangeal) joint

Describe the interosseous membrane

Fibrous (dense CT) sheet that attaches to interosseous border

What does the interosseous membrane do in the forearm?

Partially subdivides forearm into flexor and extensor compartments

What is the deep fascia of the forearm?

Antebrachial fascia

Where do most muscles of the posterior (extensor) compartment originate?

Common extensor tendon on the lateral epicondyle

The superficial branch of the radial nerve in the extensor compartment is...

Sensory

The deep radial nerve --> posterior interosseous nerve in the extensor compartment is...

Motor

What arteries are noted in the extensor compartment?

Posterior & Anterior interosseous arteries

Function of brachioradialis

Flex elbow during pronation

Function of Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extend and ABduct wrist

Function of Extensor carpi radialis bravis

Extend and ABduct wrist

Function of extensor digitorum

Extend all wrist & MP joints (as well as digits 2-5)

Function of carpi ulnaris

Extend and ADduct wrist

Function of supinator

Supinate

Function of Abductor pollicis longus

ABduct thumb

Function of extensor pollicis longus

Extend wrist & thumb

Function of extensor pollicis brevis

Extend wrist and thumb

Function of extensor indicis

Extend digit 2 independently

Describe the path the radial nerve takes in the arm and forearm

Travels b/t brachialis and brachioradialis (arm) --> through cubital fossa --> in proximal forearm (divides into branches)

Describe the deep branch of the radial nerve

Motor

When does the deep branch of radian n change name?

After it pierces the supinator - it becomes the posterior interosseous N

Describe the superficial branch of raidal N

Sensory (to lateral/dorsal part of hand)

T/F: The superficial branch of the radial nerve travels superficial to brachioradialis

False: Travels deep to brachioradialis