Lecture 9: Foot

Question 1

Dorsum vs plantar

Answer 1

Dorsum: top of foot
Plantar: sole

Question 2

How do we number the toes?

Answer 2

1st toe = great toe
5th toe = pinky toe

Question 3

What is the central axis of the foot?

Answer 3

Bisects 2nd toe, important for remembering function and innervation of muscles

Question 4

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

Answer 4

Hinge synovial

Question 5

What movements occur at the talocrural joint?

Answer 5

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Question 6

T/F: Inversion occurs at the foot

Answer 6

True - not the ankle

Question 7

What is a strong ligament that supports the medial part of a joint

Answer 7

Deltoid ligament (medial ligament)

Question 8

What joint in the foot prevents overinversion?

Answer 8

Lateral ligament

Question 9

Which ligament is STRONGER? lateral or medial ligament of the ankle joint

Answer 9

Medial

Question 10

What is the term for a tear in ligaments without fracture or dislocation

Answer 10

Sprain

Question 11

How do ankle sprains almost always occur?

Answer 11

Inversion

Question 12

What ankle sprain types are rare because of the deltoid ligament?

Answer 12

Eversion

Question 13

What is a Pott’s Fracture?

Answer 13

Occurs from over eversion of foot
Deltoid ligament pulls medial malleolus off

Question 14

In a Pott’s fracture, what way does the talus and lateral malleolus move?

Answer 14

Lateral

Question 15

What is the result of a Pott’s fracture?

Answer 15

Lateral malleolus and/or distal fibula will fracture

Question 16

List the functions of foot arches

Answer 16

1. Shock absorbers
2. Protect vessels and nerves + muscles
3. Help propel body when moving

Question 17

List the 3 arches of the foot

Answer 17

1. Medial longitudinal arch
2. Lateral longitudinal arch
3. Transverse arch

Question 18

What arch is responsible for our footprint?

Answer 18

Medial longitudinal arch (highest arch)

Question 19

What supports the foot arches

Answer 19

Bones
Ligaments
Muscles

Question 20

What is the plantar calceonavicular (spring) ligament?

Answer 20

Ligament that provides main support to medial longitudinal arch

Question 21

What is the long plantar ligament?

Answer 21

Provides main support to lateral longitudinal arch

Question 22

What else supports the foot arches?

Answer 22

Plantar aponeurosis

Question 23

A patient has pes planus. What are they experiencing? In terms of ligaments, describe this.

Answer 23

Flat foot – medial longitudinal arch is flattened

Question 24

A patient has pes cavus. What are they experiencing?

Answer 24

High arches

Question 25

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 25

Provides firm attachment to the skin (improves grip) - protects the things under it

Question 26

A patient is experiencing heel pain when running. They also have foot arch problems, tight calf muscles, and a short calcaneal tendon. What could they have?

Answer 26

Plantar fasciitis

Question 27

What two muscles are strictly associated with the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 27

1. Extensor hallicus brevis 2. Extensor digitorum brevis

Question 28

What artery supplies the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 28

Dorsalis pedis

Question 29

What nerve innervates the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 29

Deep fibular N

Question 30

What nerves innervate the plantar side of the foot?

Answer 30

1. Medial plantar nerve 2. Lateral plantar nerve

Question 31

How does innervation get divided in the plantar foot?

Answer 31

via the LPN and MPN

Question 32

ABDuctor hallucis innervation

Answer 32

MPN

Question 33

Flexor digitorum brevis innervation

Answer 33

LPN

Question 34

ABDuctor digiti minimi innervation

Answer 34

MPN

Question 35

What muscles are in the first layer of the plantar foot?

Answer 35

ABductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis ABDuctor Digiti Minimi

Question 36

What travels between layers 1 and 2 in the foot?

Answer 36

Plantar nerves and vessels

Question 37

Generally, what is found in second layer of the foot

Answer 37

2 tendons and 2 sets of muscles

Question 38

Specifically, what is found in second layer of the foot

Answer 38

Tendon: FHL Tendon: FDL Quadratus Plantar Lumbricals

Question 39

Innervation of quadratus plantae

Answer 39

LPN

Question 40

1st lumberical innervation

Answer 40

MPN

Question 41

2nd-4th lumberical innervation

Answer 41

LPN

Question 42

What is in the 3rd layer of the foot?

Answer 42

Flexor hallicus brevis Adductor hallicus Flexor digiti minimi

Question 43

Innervation of Flexor hallicus brevis

Answer 43

MPN

Question 44

Innervation of Adductor Hallucis

Answer 44

LPN

Question 45

Innervation of Flexor digiti minimi

Answer 45

LPN

Question 46

Plantar + Dorsal interossei innervation

Answer 46

LPN

Question 47

What is found in the 4th layer of the foot?

Answer 47

Plantar interossei Dorsal interossei Fibularis longus tendon Tibialis posterior tendon

Question 48

What 4 arteries supply blood to the foot?

Answer 48

Dorsalis pedis artery Medial plantar artery Lateral plantar artery Plantar arterial arch

Question 49

The dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of what artery

Answer 49

anterior tibial

Question 50

The dorsalis pedis supplies what

Answer 50

Dorsum of the foot

Question 51

T/F the dorsalis pedis is only in the dorsum of the foot

Answer 51

F; sends a branch to plantar side

Question 52

What artery supplies most medial side of the foot?

Answer 52

Medial plantar artery

Question 53

What artery supplies a great portion of the plantar side of the foot?

Answer 53

Lateral plantar artery

Question 54

What forms the plantar arterial arch?

Answer 54

Lateral plantar + dorsalis pedis

Question 55

Where do the digital arteries come from?

Answer 55

Plantar arterial arch

Question 56

The deep fibular nerve motor innervation

Answer 56

Dorsal foot muscles

Question 57

Deep fibular nerve sensory innervation

Answer 57

Between big toe and 2nd toe