Lecture 5 - Endogenous hormones I

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Referes to the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs

Question 2

How does the endocrine system differ from the exocrine system?

Answer 2

Uses glands rather than ducts

Question 3

How does it differ from the nervous system?

Answer 3

Endocrine reacts slower with longer lasting effects

Question 4

What is an endocrine hormone?

Answer 4

When hormone enter general circulation and acts of target cells in another body part

Question 5

What is an autocrine hormone?

Answer 5

When the hormone acts on the cell that produced it

Question 6

What is a paracrine hormone?

Answer 6

When the hormone acts on the adjacent cells to it’s production cells

Question 7

What is hormonal amplification?

Answer 7

Hormones that are only released after being triggered by the action of a different hormone

Question 8

What is a steroid hormone?

Answer 8

• Made from cholesterol
• Diffuses through the cell membrane and attaches to receptor within the cell
• Testosterone, oestrogen, cortisol

Question 9

What is a peptide hormone?

Answer 9

• Made from multiple amino acids
• Attaches to receptor on the cell membrane
• GH, IGF, Insulin

Question 10

What is an amine hormone?

Answer 10

• Made from single amino acid
• Attaches to receptor on the cell membrane
• Adrenaline/Noradrenaline

Question 11

How do steroid and non-steroid hormones differ in how they are released?

Answer 11

Steroid are released as soon as they are produced

Non-steroid released in advance and stored in vesicles for later release

Question 12

Where is testosterone produced?

Answer 12

Testes/aovaries

Question 13

Name 3 physiological functions of testosterone?

Answer 13

Control of growth
Sperm production
Sex drive

Question 14

What hormones are secreted before resistance exercise?

Answer 14

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

Question 15

What hormones are secreted during resistance exercise?

Answer 15

Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
GH
Testosterone

Question 16

What hormones are secreted after resistance exercise?

Answer 16

GH
IGF- 1
Testosterone
Insulin

Question 17

Where does testosterone secretion begin?

Answer 17

Hypothalamus - gonanadotropin releasing hormone

Question 18

Where is testosterone produced in males and how much?

Answer 18

95% in Leydig cells in the testes

5% by adrenals

Question 19

Where is testosterone produced in females?

Answer 19

Ovaries and adrenals

Question 20

What makes up for less testosterone in females?

Answer 20

Increased GH and IGF-1

Question 21

How long does steriodogenesis take?

Answer 21

35 mins

Question 22

What are males basal testosterone levels?

Answer 22

10-35 mol.L-1

Question 23

Wha are females basal testosterone levels?

Answer 23

<3 mol.L-1

Question 24

When is testosterone at it’s highest

Answer 24

Morning and night

Question 25

What are the age differences in basal testosterone levels?

Answer 25

Less testosterone in older compared to younger people

Question 26

What is the serum testosterone response to resistance training?

Answer 26

Increases

Question 27

Are there sex differences in testosterone levels in response to resistance training?

Answer 27

Much more secretion in males than females | However, both do increase

Question 28

How long following resistance training does it take of T to return to baseline?

Answer 28

1 hour

Question 29

How can you manipulate resistance training to increase T?

Answer 29

Shorter rest periods