Lecture 5 equine Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 5 equine Deck (11)
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1
Q

early embryonic loss

A

before day 14

2
Q

Reasons for early embryonic loss

A
 Embryo quality
– Aged gametes
– Chromosomal abnormalities (stallion and mare)
 Uterine environment
– Endometritis
– Endometrial fibrosis
– Uterine cysts
 Abnormal hormonal environment
– Luteal insufficiency
3
Q

When does embryo migration occur

A

around day 10

4
Q

Uterine cysts

A
  • Factors
  • Aged mares
  • Origin
  • Vascular changes
  • Lymphatic cysts
  • Effect on fertility
  • Reduced embryo mobility
  • Abnormal placentation
  • Compromised cervical tone
  • Treatment
  • Aspiration
  • Cauterization, laser ablation
5
Q

Endometritis

A

• The major cause of infertility in the mare
• Etiology/ Pathogenesis
 Contamination and establishment of infection
 Failure of anatomical barriers to infection
– Vulva
– Vestibulo-vaginal sphincter
– Cervix
 Failure of uterine defense mechanisms

6
Q

Endometritis: Risk factors

A
• Age
• Breed
• Anatomy
 Perineal conformation
 Large pendulant uterus
 Endocrine disorders (Metabolic
syndrome)
• Endocrine disorders
 PPID
 Equine metabolic syndrome
 Reduced immune function
7
Q

Mares susceptible to endometritis

A
• Reduced uterine clearance
• Cervical pathology
• Decreased myometrial activity
• Role of nitric oxide
• Repeated infections
• Reduced efficiency of
phagocytosis (number,
chemotaxis, opsonisation)
8
Q

Diagnosis of endometritis

A
• Transrectal palpation and ultrasonography
 Large uterus
 Thick edematous uterus
 Overt uterine edema
 Intrauterine fluid accumulation
• Vaginal examimation
 Cervicitis
 Fluid in the vagina / vaginal discharge
• Endometrial cytology and culture
• Biopsy (GOLD STANDARD)
9
Q

Resistant mares will clear endometritis infections in how long?

A

12 hours

10
Q

Treatment of endometritis

A
  • Intrauterine therapy
  • Uterine lavage
  • Elimination of biofilm
  • Immunostumulation
  • Intrauterine antimicrobials
  • Systemic therapy
  • Antimicrobials
  • Anti-inflammatories
  • Breeding management
11
Q

eosinophils will be present with what?

A

pneumovagina