Lecture 5: Fundamentals of Life II: Cells

Question 1

types of cells

Answer 1

prokaryotes (no nucleus)

eukaryotes (nucleus)

Question 2

major features of a cell

Answer 2

mitochondria

nucleus

cell wall

cell membrane

Question 3

how do membranes form?

Answer 3

phospholipids self-assemble to form membranes

outside of cell surrounded by peptidoglycan: a cell protecting ‘mesh’

Question 4

draw a basic membrane structure involving two lipid layers

Answer 4

[DRAW]

Question 5

what are the 2 different types of bacterial membrane?

Answer 5

gram positive walls

gram negative walls

Question 6

difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 6

DNA
- double stranded
- deoxyribose sugar
- bases: A, T, C, G

RNA
- single stranded
- ribose sugar
-bases: A, U, C, G

both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base

Question 7

what is a ribosome?

Answer 7

serves as the site of protein synthesis, reading mRNA and translating genetic code into specific sequence of amino acids

Question 8

explain transcription

Answer 8

mRNA encodes information for the synthesis of proteins and carries it to a ribosome which translates this into protein

RNA polymerase unwinds DNA sequence and produces primary transcript by stringing together the chain of RNA nucleotides

Question 9

explain translation

Answer 9

ribosome- 2 subunits (large and small subunit RNA), separate in cytoplasm until they join to begin translation and ‘lock’ around the mRNA

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

Question 10

be able to give the DNA, RNA, or protein sequence corresponding to the sequence of DNA, RNA, or protein from a codon table

Answer 10

[LEARN TABLE]