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Anatomy > LECTURE 5: HEAD > Flashcards

LECTURE 5: HEAD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the skull?

A 
	Cranial bones (8)
	Frontal bone
	Parietal bones (2)
	Temporal bones (2)
	Occipital bone
	Sphenoid bone
	Ethmoid bone (internal)
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2
Q

What are the parts of the frontal bone?

A

supraorbital notch/foramen, and zygomatic process

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3
Q

What does the zygomatic process articulate with?

A

part of the frontal bone that articulates with the zygomatic bone

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4
Q

What are the parts of the temporal bone?

A

 Squamous part – flat
 Petrous part -
 Styloid process – can be palpated on cheek
 Zygomatic process

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5
Q

What is contained in the petrous part of the temporal bone?

A

Contains mastoid process that has the External acoustic (auditory) meatus

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6
Q

What are the parts of the occipital bone?

A

foramen Magnus, and occipital condyles

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7
Q

What is the significance of the foramen Magnus?

A

exact point which brain stem becomes the spinal cord

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8
Q

What does the occipital condyles articulate with?

A

articulate with atlas C1 to flex and extend the head

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9
Q

What are the parts of the sphenoid bone?

A

 Greater wing – butterfly shape
 Lesser wing
 Sella turcica –
 Pterygoid processes

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10
Q

What is the significance of the sella turcica?

A

where pituitary sits

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11
Q

What does the ethmoid bone make up?

A

nasal cavity

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12
Q

What is the significance of the cribriform plate?

A

has lots of tiny foramen because olfactory nerve/nervelets that innervate superior nasal conchae

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13
Q

What is the significance of the perpendicular plate?

A

form nasal septal separating internal parts of the nose

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14
Q

What is the role of the nasal conchae?

A

creates more surface area, clean air and moisten air we breathe

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15
Q

What is a sinus infection?

A

ethmoid cells fill with back and mucus get stuck in your sinuses and creates a lot of pressure

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16
Q

Where does the coronal suture lie?

A

Between frontal and parietal bones

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17
Q

Where does the sagittal suture lie?

A

Between parietal bones

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18
Q

Where does the bregma suture lie?

A

Where sagittal suture meets coronal; Soft spot in baby’s head

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19
Q

Where does the squamous suture lie?

A

Between temporal and parietal bones

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20
Q

Where does the lambodial suture lie?

A

between parietal and occipital bones

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21
Q

Where does the lambda suture lie?

A

Where sagittal suture meets the lambdoidal suture; soft spot in baby’s head

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22
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A 
	Maxilla (2 bone embryologically that fuse to one)
	Palatine bones (2) – hard palate
	Zygomatic bones (2)
	Mandible
	Lacrimal bones (2)
	Nasal bones (2)
•	Vomer – makes up rest of nasal septum 
	Inferior nasal conchae (2)
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23
Q

What is a cleft palate?

A

when maxilla bones do not fuse - space between bones. You can create a suction especially for babies trying to eat

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24
Q

What bones does the zygomatic process articulate with?

A

o Processes that articulate with frontal maxillary and temporal bones

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25
What bones does the nasal articulate with?
Articulates with frontal and maxillary bones
26
What bones does the nasal lacrimal articulate with?
lacrimal fossa
27
What is the role of the nasal lacrimal fossa?
drains your eyes into your lacrimal cavity
28
What are the components of the maxilla?
o Zygomatic process o Infraorbital foramen o Palatine process – Forms hard palate
29
What does the vomer form?
Forms nasal septum (with perpendicular plate of ethmoid)
30
What are the parts of the mandible?
```  Mental foramen  Body of mandible  Ramus of mandible – goes upward  Angle of mandible  Coronoid process –  Condylar process – ```
31
What does the condylar process form?
Forms Tempo Mandibular Joint
32
What is the point of the coronoid process?
for muscle attachment for jaw movement
33
What are the 7 bones of the orbit?
1. Frontal 2. Sphenoid 3. Zygomatic 4. Lacrimal 5. Maxillary 6. Ethmoid 7. Palatine
34
What are the muscles of the face?
```  Frontalis  Temporalis  Zygomaticus major  Orbicularis oculi – surround eye and mouth  Orbicularis oris  Masseter  Buccinator – cheek ```
35
What is the role of the frontaslis muscle?
Raises eyebrows
36
What is the role of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Closes and scrunches eyes
37
What is the motor innervation of the facial muscles for expression?
facial nerve
38
What are the roles of the buccinator muscle?
Keeps cheek taut- prevents biting of cheek while eating, and Compresses distended cheeks
39
What is the motor innervation of the facial muscles for mystification?
Cranial nerve (Trigeminal nerve CN V)
40
What are the roles of the temporalis muscle?
Attaches on temporal fossa and coronoid process of mandible; raises mandible
41
What are the roles of the masseter muscle?
Attaches on zygomatic arch and ramus of mandible; raises mandible
42
What are the muscles of mystification?
 Temporalis –  Masseter  Medial and lateral pterygoids
43
What are the blood supply to the facial muscles?
``` o Facial o Maxillary o Superficial temporal o Occipital o Posterior auricular ```
44
What is the venous drainage of the muscles of fascial expression?
Internal jugular vein
45
What is the lymphatic drainage of the anterior upper scalp and eye?
pre- auricular and parotid nodes in front of the ear
46
What is the lymphatic drainage of the posterior upper scalp?
mastoid nodes
47
How is the nasal cavity lead into the nasopharynx?
via choanae
48
What is the role of the pharyngeal isthmus?
separate naso and oropharynx
49
What is the role of the oropharyngeal isthmus?
leads Oral cavity to oropharynx
50
What is the hard palate?
floor of nasal cavity; roof of the mouth
51
What are the regions of the nasal cavity?
 Vestibule- skin, contains hair follicles  Respiratory- ciliated and mucous cells  Olfactory- area innervated by CN I (Olfactory)
52
What are the types of paranasal sinuses?
```  Maxillary – biggest  Frontal  Sphenoidal  Ethmoidal air cells  Nasolacrimal duct also drains into nasal cavity from medial orbit ```
53
What is the innervation of the nasal cavity?
cranial nerves
54
What is the blood supply of the nasal cavity?
Maxillary and facial arteries – Branches off of external carotid
55
What are the bones of the medial wall nasal cavity?
Nasal bones, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer
56
What are the bones of the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine process of maxillae, palatine bones
57
What are the bones of the lateral wall nasal cavity?
Ethmoid (with conchae), palatine, sphenoid, lacrimal, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae
58
What bone makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?
Cribriform plate of ethmoid
59
What are the bones of the oral cavity?
maxillae, palatine, sphenoid, temporal and mandible
60
What is houses in the maxillae and mandible?
 Maxillae contain upper teeth |  Mandible contains lower teeth
61
What muscles make up the floor of the oral cavity?
Geniohyoid, mylohyoid muscles
62
What muscles make up the wall of the oral cavity?
buccinator
63
What is the soft palate?
smooth muscle; uvula hangs down form it
64
What re the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
o Longitudinal, transverse, vertical
65
What is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Attach to structures outside the tongue; protrude, retract, depress and elevate tongue
66
What is papillae
Contain taste buds on he surface of the tongue
67
What are the types of salivary glands?
 Parotid – largest, empties into 2nd molar  Submandibular – serous and mucus mix  Sublingual – serous and mucus mix
68
What is the blood supply to the oral cavity?
Lingual a. (from external carotid) supplying whole of the mouth
69
What is the venous drainage of the oral cavity?
Deep and dorsal lingual veins- drain into internal jugular
70
What is the lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity?
Deep cervical nodes along internal jugular vein
71
What is the innervation of the oral cavity?
cranial nerves
72
What is the role of the pharyngotympanic tube?
auditory tube to equalize pressure in middle ear to the atmosphere pressure
73
What is contained in the oropharynx?
o Soft palate, uvula hang down | o Palatine tonsils hanging off soft palate
74
What is the role of the frontal lobe?
Deal with intelligence, humor, social ques, emotions, etc.
75
What is the role of the parietal lobe?
Contains primary sensory cortex for heat and pain; Association cortex is the why behind you cold and hot senses
76
What is the role of the temporal lobe?
for smell and hearing
77
What is the role of the occipital lobe?
contains visual cortex
78
What is the role of the insula?
contains taste cortex
79
What is the role of the cerebellum?
important in coordination and movement
80
What is the role of the canaliculi?
visual and auditory reflexes
81
What is the role of thalamus?
rely sensory center
82
What is the role of hypothalamus?
master endocrine glands, hormones, pain and pleasure center, hunger, tiredness and thirst
83
What are the components of the brains stem?
 Midbrain  Pons  Medulla oblongata – brain stem, where cranial nerves merge
84
What is the blood supply to the brain?
Contributions from internal carotid and vertebral arteries (travel in transverse foramen in cervical vertebrae, and fuse between pons and medulla and become the basilar artery)
85
What are the meninges?
```  Dura mater – outer most layer, tough  Subdural space  Arachnoid mater  Subarachnoid space - CSF flows here  Pia mater ```

Anatomy (9 decks)

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