Lecture 5: Parasitology

Question 1

Human Parasite Major Groups

Answer 1

1. Protozoa
2. Helminthes
3. Arthropods (sometimes)

Question 2

Protozoan parsites grouped into

Answer 2

1. Ciliates
2. Ameobae
3. Flagellates
4. Apicomplexans

Question 3

Helminthic Parasites

Answer 3

1. Nematoda (roundworms)

2. Platyhelminths (Flatworms(

Question 4

Protozoa

Answer 4

soil and aquatic

live in the guts of insects and mammals

Question 5

Types of Playthelminths or Flatworms

Answer 5

1. Turbellaria (free-living predators or scavengers)

2. Monogenea, Cestoda, Trematoda = Parastic

Question 6

Monogeneans

Answer 6

ectoparasites of fish

Question 7

Cestodes

Answer 7

endoparasitic tapeworms

Question 8

Trematodes

Answer 8

endoparasites or ectoparasites

Question 9

Parasitic infections are among the most prevelent infectious diseases worldwide

Answer 9

Ascariasis is most prevalent although may never show symptoms

Question 10

Trichomoniasis

Answer 10

• Vaginitis
• Most common parasitic infection
• Protozoan

Question 11

Giardia Lambia

Answer 11

causing intestinal infection Giardiases

-Protozoan

Question 12

Toxoplasma Gondii

Answer 12

• Toxoplasmosis
• food-borne illnesses
• Protozoan

Question 13

Parasitic infections involve multiple hosts

Answer 13

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Question 14

Major routes to acquire parasitic infections

Answer 14

1. Fecal-Orale Route
2. Penetration of Skin or Eyes
3. Genital Contact
4. Arthropod bites

Question 15

Defining Characteristics of Protozoa

Answer 15

• unicellular protists
• absoprotive or ingestive chemoheterotrophs
• no cell wall
• require moist enviornment
• belong to Protista

Question 16

General Life cycle of Protozoa

Answer 16

• Encystation allows for survival outside of the host (dormant stage)
• Excystation to trophozoite (reproductive stage) occurs after ingestion by the host

Question 17

Most Protozoa reproduce asexually by:

Answer 17

Binary fission, Budding, Schizogony (merozoites), Conjugation (DNA exchange of part of genome between 2 cells)

Question 18

Ciliates

Answer 18

Class of protozoa

• use cilia for locomotion
• reproduce sexually via conjugation

Question 19

Balantidum Coli

Answer 19

only ciliate known to cause disease in humans

-persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss

Question 20

Amoebae

Answer 20

Class of protozoa
No defined shape
aquire food through use of psuedopods

Question 21

Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 21

carried asymptomatically in digestive tract

-invasive form of ameobiasis cause severe diarrhea, colitis, appendicitis

Question 22

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria

Answer 22

rare but fatal infections of the brain

Question 23

Flagellates

Answer 23

at least one long flagellum

include:
- Trypanosoma: T. cruzi causing American trypanosomiasis or Chagas Disease
- T. brucei causing african trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness
- Leishmania
- Giardia
- Trichomonas (vaginosis)

Question 24

Apicomplexans

Answer 24

cortical alveoli

• move by gliding motility
• Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Crytosproidium, Cyclospora

Question 25

Protozoan Parasites categorized by:

Answer 25

Major mode of transmission: -Foodborne/waterborne, Vectorborne, Sexually Transmitted Principle site of infection: Blood, Tissue, Intestinal, Urogenital

Question 26

Blood Protozoa

Answer 26

Malaria, Plasmodium | -Trophozoite

Question 27

Tissue Protoza

Answer 27

Leishmanias - Promastigoe, Amastigote - Sand fly vector Chaga's Disease- Trypanosoma cruzi -trypomastgote, amastigoe, Reduviid (kissing) bug vector

Question 28

Urogenital Protozoa

Answer 28

Trichomoniasis STI direct contact often asymptomatic but needs direct contact

Question 29

Helminths

Answer 29

- multicellular, ekaryotic worms, reduced digestive, nervous and locomotive systems - reproductive system is complex

Question 30

All helminths reproduce sexually and can be:

Answer 30

- Monoecious: hemaphroditic = male and female repro system in one animal - Dioecious: male and female repro systems are in seperate worms

Question 31

Nematode

Answer 31

round worm - alimentary canal (complete digestive tract) - lack circulatory system - dioecious (reproduce sexually)

Question 32

Platyhelminths

Answer 32

flatworms | -cestoda, trematoda

Question 33

Cestoda

Answer 33

Tapeworms - flat, segmented, - completely lack digestive system - Scolex contain suckers and hooks - nutrients acquired by absorption - body segments (proglottids) - Monoecious

Question 34

Trematoda

Answer 34

flukes - incomplete digestive tracts (mouth but no anus) - ventral sucker - infect mollusks as first host - monoecious

Question 35

Modes of transmission of Helminths

Answer 35

1. waterborne/foodborne, 2. Vectorborne, 3. direct contact | 2. blood, tissue, intestinal helminthes

Question 36

Arthropods

Answer 36

- segmented animals with specialized jointed appendages - body completely covered by an exoskeleton - medically important are Arachidia (chelicerata) and Insecta (hexapoda)