Lecture 5: Pediatrics Immunization Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is the difference between vaccination and immunizatin?
- Vaccination: Stimulation of immune system to produce immunity to specific disease
- Immunization: Resistance to infectious diease
- Received vaccine
- Already had infectious disease
What are the two reasons you should vaccinate?
- Individual Immunity: long-term protection
- Herd Immunity: Provides community with protection.
Is the threshold of herd immunity different for different diseases?
Yes! For example measles needs 85-90% of the population need to be vaccinated.
What is the most vulnerable age group to infectious diseases?
Ages 0-2
What are reputable websites?
Anything that ends in .org
- CDC
- American something
What is the difference between active and passive immunization?
-
Active: Induction of immune system to form antibodies and cell-mediated immunity
- Lasts longer
-
Passive: Transfer or pre-formed immunologic products for immunity
- People who can’t make antibodies
- Need immediate treatment
What are the different types of vaccines are there?
- Conjugated
- Live attenuated
- Inactivated/killed
- Inactivated/toxoid
What are conjugated vaccines?
- Pathogens are surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule
- Immunogenic: will trigger immune response (T-cell dependent)
- Immune response strengthened when pathogen is conjugated with carrier protein
What are examples of conjugated vaccines?
- Meningococcal
- Pneumococcal
- Haemophilus
- Influenzae B
- Hepatitis B
- Influenza (injection)
- HPV
- Pertussis (whooping cough)
What are live attenuated vaccines?
- Administration of weakened microbe
- Stronger mucosal immunity develops
- Not for those who are immunocompromised
What are examples of live attenuated vaccines?
- MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
- Varicella
- Rotavirus
- Influenza (nasal spray)
- Zoster (shingles) for adult
What are inactivated/killed vaccines?
Organism is killed but immunogencity is preserved
What are examples of inactivated/killed vaccines?
- Hepatitis A
- Polio
- Rabies
What are Inactivated/toxoid vaccines?
- Vaccine that is against toxin produced by bacteria
- Inactivates toxin
What are examples of inactivated/toxoid vaccines?
- Tetanus
- Diphtheria
How often do you need the influenza vaccine?
- Over 9 years: every year
- 6 months - age 9: 2 doses separated by 28 days
What is found in the influenza vaccine?
It is a quadrivalent: Two As and two Bs
Who should not get the influenza vaccine?
The young, the old, the ill
How many meningococcal vaccines are there?
Two: protectection against strains A/C/Y and W-135
What age group is mostly affected by meningococcal strains A/C/Y and W-135?
Children over age 11
When should you get meningococcal vaccines?
- First dose: Age 11-12
- Second Dose: Age 16-18
What population group is recommend for a meningococcal vaccine targetting serogroup B?
- Mostly affects young adults ages 11-25
- Meningitis common in college
- Vaccine recommended at age 16
What does strep pneumoniae cause?
- Respiratory Tract Disease
- pneumonia
- otitis media
- sinusitis
- Bacteremia
- Meningitis: mostly found in kids
What does Haemophilus Influenzae Type B cause?
- Bacteremia
- Meningitis
- Cellulitis
- Epiglottitis
