Lecture 5 - Shoulder

Question 1

Axial Skeleton refers to what regions?

Answer 1

Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic cage

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton refers to what regions?

Answer 2

Pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, lower limb

Question 3

Each shoulder (pectoral) girdle consists of a _______, and a _______.

Answer 3

Scapula (shoulder blade), Clavicle (collar bone).

Question 4

The humerus is not part of the shoulder girdle (T/F)

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What are the three joints that attach to the clavicle

Answer 5

acromio-clavicular joint,
sterno-clavicular joint,
coracoclavicular joint

Question 6

the coracoclavicular joint is a _________ (type) joint, whereas the acromioclavicular joint is a _________ (type).

Answer 6

syndesmosis, synovial

Question 7

what are the 6 movements of the scapula

Answer 7

1. Elevation
2. Depression
3. Protraction
4. Retraction
5. Lateral Rotation
6. Medial Rotation

Question 8

the clavicle moves via these two joints, and moves in ___ planes of motion

Answer 8

Acromioclavicular, Sternoclavicular, 3 planes (anterior-posterior, superior-inferior, rotation)

Question 9

this muscle group elevates, retracts and depresses the scapula

Answer 9

Trapezius

Question 10

this muscle group solely retracts the scapula

Answer 10

Rhomboids (major and minor)

Question 11

this muscle group elevates the scapula

Answer 11

Levator scapulae

Question 12

this muscle group protracts the scapula

Answer 12

serratus anterior

Question 13

this muscle group protracts and stabilizes the scapula

Answer 13

pectoralis minor

Question 14

Trapezius Origin and Insertion? Nerve?

Answer 14

Origin: External occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes
Insertion: spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
Insertion: Entire length of scapula, acromion, and lateral third of clavicle
Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

Question 15

Rhomboid Major origin and insertion? Nerve?

Answer 15

Origin: spines of T2-T5 vertebrae (R. Major)
Insertion: medial border of the scapula below the spine
c5- dorsal scapular nerve

Question 16

Rhomboid minor origin and insertion? Nerve?

Answer 16

Origin: Spines of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Insertion: root of the spine of scapula
c5- dorsal scapular nerve

Question 17

Levator Scapulae origin and insertion? Nerve?

Answer 17

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4 Vertebrae
Insertion: Superior angle of Scapula
Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5)

Question 18

Serratus Anterior origin and insertion?

Answer 18

Origin: Anterior aspects of ribs 1-9
Insertion: Anterior surface (costal surface) of the medial border of scapula
Long Thoracic nerve

Question 19

Pectoralis Minor origin and insertion?

Answer 19

Origin: Ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
Medial Pectoral nerve

Question 20

As well as protracting and stabilizing scapula, the pectoralis minor assists in:

Answer 20

Raising ribs in forced inspiration

Question 21

What are the articulating bones of the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint:

Answer 21

1. Head of Humerus

2. Glenoid fossa of scapula

Question 22

This is a fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the margin of the glenoid fossa, which deepens the socket.

Answer 22

Glenoid Labrum. Like the toilet seat on a a toilet bowl

Question 23

What two muscles attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

Answer 23

Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

Question 24

What muscle attach the upper limb to the shoulder girdle?

Answer 24

Deltoid, rotator cuff muscles, teres major

Question 25

Pectoralis major origin and insertion? Movement? Nerves?

Answer 25

Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6 Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus Adducts, flexes and medially rotates arm. Can also extend arm when arm is flexed Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 26

Latissimus dorsi origin and insertion? Movement? Innervation?

Answer 26

Origin: spinous processes from T8-Sacrum, iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula. Insertion: bicipital groove off humerus. extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Keeps inferior angle of scapula against chest wall. Thoracodorsal Nerve

Question 27

Deltoid origin and insertion?

Answer 27

Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus abduction, flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation Axillary nerve

Question 28

Name the four rotator cuff muscles:

Answer 28

SITS 1. Supraspinatus 2. Infraspinatus 3. Teres minor 4. Subscapularis

Question 29

Supraspinatus function? Nerve?

Answer 29

initiates abduction of the arm (first 15 degrees!). Nerve: Subscapular C5, C6

Question 30

Infraspinatus function? nerve?

Answer 30

lateral rotation of the arm. Nerve: Suprascapular nerve.

Question 31

Teres minor Function? nerve?

Answer 31

lateral rotation of arm. Nerve: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Question 32

Subscapularis function? nerve?

Answer 32

main medial rotator of the arm. Nerve: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6)

Question 33

Teres major origin and insertion? Function? Nerve?

Answer 33

Origin: inerior angle of scapula (posterior surface) Insertion: medial lip of intertubercal groove. Adducts and medially rotates arm. Lower subscapular nerve