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Anatomy > lecture 5 the abdomen and gut > Flashcards

lecture 5 the abdomen and gut Flashcards

1
Q

the stomach begins at the opening of the

A

cardiac sphincter

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2
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

connects esophagus to stomach, called this because it is close to the heart

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3
Q

fundus of the stomach

A

superior round area half moon

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4
Q

visceral mesentery

A

shinny covering on the surface of the stomach

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5
Q

greater curvature of the stomach

A

inferior/left side of the stomach touches transverse colon from the esophagus/cardiac sphincter to the pylorus/pyloric sphincter ON THE OUTSIDE

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6
Q

lesser curvature of the stomach

A

superior/right side of the stomach from the esophagus/cardiac sphincter to the pylorus/pyloric sphincter ON THE INSIDE

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7
Q

pylorus

A

bottom transverse portion of the stomach leading into the pyloric sphincter

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8
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

from the pylorus to the duodenum

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9
Q

small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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10
Q

duodenum

A

first segment from stomach, leads to jejunum, superior and deep, makes a C shape

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11
Q

jejunum

A

superior portion of intestinal loops (usually what you see on cadaver. on the top left corner, connects duodenum to ileum

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12
Q

ileum

A

inferior, connects jejunum and ascending colon

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13
Q

Large intestine (colon)

A

cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, right colic flexure, left colic flexure, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

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14
Q

cecum

A

small sac at the end of the ascending colon

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15
Q

vermiform appendix

A

little nub between cecum and ileum

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16
Q

ascending colon

A

on the right side, ending at the right colic flexure

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17
Q

right colic flexure

A

top right corner of colon, separating ascending colon and transverse colon

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18
Q

transverse colon

A

between ascending and descending colon, divided by right and left colic flexures

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19
Q

left colic flexure

A

top left corner of colon, separating transverse and descending colon

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20
Q

descending colon

A

on the left side, starting at the left colic flexure and ending at the sigmoid colon

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21
Q

sigmoid colon

A

shaped like a sigma <3 at the end of the descending colon ends at rectum

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22
Q

mesentery

A

double layer of membrane in the peritoneum only suspends parts of the gut tube into the peritoneal cavity

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23
Q

Early development: dorsal mesentery

A

runs from the posterior (dorsal) body wall to the dorsal surface of the stomach and the intestines

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24
Q

Early development: ventral mesentery

A

runs from ventral body wall to the liver and then from the liver to the ventral surface of the stomach

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25
Ventral mesenteries
falciform ligament and the lesser omentum
26
Falciform ligament
runs from ventral body wall to the ventral surface of the liver (contains bile duct and hepatic portal vein)
27
lesser omentum
runs from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach | fatty and yellowish
28
Rapid growth of the liver and rotation result in the stomach ending up on the _____ side and the liver moving to the ______ side of the abdomen
left, right
29
Dorsal mesenteries
mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, and greater omentum
30
mesentery proper
runs from the posterior body wall to the jejunum and ileum of the small intestines
31
transverse mesocolon
suspends the transverse colon
32
sigmoid mesocolon
suspends the sigmoid colon from the posterior body wall
33
incarcerated small intestine
fold of intestine gets trapped in sigmoid mesocolon
34
grater omentum
hangs from greater curvature of stomach over the anterior surface of the intestines, and then superior to the transverse colon where it runs to the posterior body wall and is continuous with the parietal peritoneum
35
intraperitoneal organs
organs with mesenteries remain suspended and mobile within the peritoneal cavity
36
retroperitoneal organs
not suspended and mobile with in the peritoneal cavity, instead are fused to the posterior abdominal wall and do not have a mesentery (ascending and descending colon, duodenum, and pancreas and kidneys) (dad pk)
37
liver
the liver begins as an outgrowth of the duodenum, weighs 3 lbs, produces bile
38
gallbladder
stores bile, on inferior surface of liver
39
cystic duct
bile draining from the gallbladder enters the cystic duct witch joins with the common hepatic duct from the liver to for the common bile duct (which drains into duodenum)
40
The common bile duct is found alongside which two blood vessels that carry blood to the liver
the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery proper
41
location of liver
superior right part of the peritoneal cavity
42
covering of the liver
visceral peritoneum covers the anterior part and the back part lacks peritoneum because it is fused to the diaphragm
43
the ______ occupies a depression in the posterior "bare" area of the liver
inferior vena cava
44
The liver is divided into ______ and _______ by _______
(large) right lobe, (smaller) left lobe, vertical fissure
45
the _____ attaches to the ventral aspect of the vertical fissure
falciform ligament
46
pancreas
secrets enzymes into the duodenum to digest food through the pancreatic duct
47
spleen
irregularly shaped organ found between the stomach and the diaphragm
48
kidneys
not part of the gut tube, retroperitoneal, cleans blood, fluid and electrolyte balance
49
ureters
exit through the renal hilus and then extend retroperitoneal along the posterior body wall, tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder
50
suprarenal gland
located superior to each kidney, secret hormones and adrenaline
51
celiac trunk
comes off of the abdominal aorta as soon as the aorta enters the abdomen (T12) supplies blood to stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and part of the duodenum branches off into left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery
52
left gastric artery
supplies blood to the lesser curvature of the stomach drains into the hepatic portal vein
53
splenic artery
supplies blood to the spleen and pancreas, branches off into left gastroepiploic artery
54
left gastroepiploic artery
supplies blood to the greater curvature of the stomach d
55
common hepatic artery
gives rise to two branches: hepatic proper artery and gastroduodenal artery
56
hepatic proper artery
runs in the lesser omentum toward the liver and supplies blood to it gives rise to the right gastric artery
57
right gastric artery
runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach drains into the hepatic portal vein
58
gastroduodenal artery
runs along the pancreas to supply both pancreas and duodenum | branches off into right gastorepiploic artery
59
right gastroepiploic artery
runs along the greater curvature of the stomach, supplies blood to greater curvature of the stomach
60
superior mesenteric artery
branches from the abdominal aorta (L1) runs ventrally and inferiorly within the mesentery proper supplies blood to duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon and transverse colon
61
inferior mesenteric artery
branches from abdominal aorta (L3) | supplies blood to descending colon and sigmoid colon
62
renal arteries
(right and left) (right is longer) branch from abdominal aorta (between L1 and L2) receive oxygenated blood from the heart
63
gonadal arteries
ovarian and testicular arteries | branch from abdominal aorta (at L2)
64
venous portal system
capillaries empty into veins but then drain into a second set of capillary beds before emptying into heart capillaries --> veins --> capillaries --> veins --> heart
65
Hepatic portal system
drains venous blood from the gut tube into the liver capillary beds of the gut tube --> veins of HPS --> liver capillaries --> liver cells --> capillary beds of the liver --> hepatic veins --> inferior vena cava --> heart
66
Hepatic portal vein
empties into liver capillaries | formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein
67
parasympathetic motor innervation
vagus nerve from the stomach to left colic flexure enters on the surface of the esophagus preganglionic neurons of the gray matter of the sacral spinal segments innervate from left colic flexure to sigmoid colon
68
sympathetic motor innervation
preganglionic sympathetic neurons from lateral horns synapse on celiac prevertebral ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia and inferior mesenteric ganglia

Anatomy (8 decks)

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