Lecture 5: Vitamins, Herbals and Minerals Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
Nonprescriptions Medications
A
- Regulated by FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and research
- held to same standards as prescription medications as far as efficacy, labeling, purity, safety, and stability
2
Q
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)
A
- Products intended to supplement the diet
- contain at least one dietary ingredient ( amino acid, herb, mineral and/or vitamin
3
Q
FDA requirements (Supplement Labeling)
A
- Evidence of safety and good manufacturing practices
- “Supplements facts”
- Name of product and “dietary supplement”
- Net quantity of contents
- Manufacturers, packers, or distributor’s name and address
- Directions of use
- “supplement facts” panel
4
Q
Dietary Supplement Labeling
A
- Serving Size
- List of Dietary Supplements
- Amount per Serving Size
- Percent of Daily Value
- Plant’s Scientific Name of Latin Binomial
- Specific Plant part used
5
Q
Proprietary Blend Label
A
List of total weight of blend and individual component names in order or predominance
6
Q
Dietary Supplement Claims
A
- Health Claim
- Nutrient Claim
- Structure-Function Claim
7
Q
Health Claim
A
- Relationship between a substance and resulting reduction in risk of disease or health-related condition
- Requires FDA approval
- Ex “ Diets low in sodium “may” reduce the risk of high blood pressure, a disease associated with many factors
8
Q
Nutrient Claim
A
- Relative amount of nutrient/ dietary substance in a product
- Requires FDA approval
- Ex “ fat free”, “reduced sodium”, “no added sugars”
9
Q
Structure-Function Claim
A
- Description of how a product may mantain the normal healthy structure of function of the body without discussing a specific disease state
- Does not require FDA approval
- Ex “ supports healthy cholesterol levels”, “promotes the body’s natural immune function
10
Q
All claims state
A
“This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease.”
11
Q
Consumer Protection Act
A
- Applies to dietary supplements and nonprescription drugs
- Reporting of serious adverse effects to FDA
- Manufacturing reporting (Manufacturers, packers, distributors)
- Voluntary reporting (consumers, health care providers)
12
Q
Counseling on Dietary Supplements
A
- Only use for a limited amount of time
- Inform doctors of dietary supplement use
- FDA does not require data on efficacy or safety prior to marketing
- Recommend : products with seal on label
- large, reputable companies
- maintain therapy with the same brand and formulation
13
Q
Fat Soluble Vitamins
A
A,D, E
14
Q
Water Soluble Vitamins
A
C, B12, B9
15
Q
Minerals
A
Calcium, Magnesium and Iron
16
Q
Herbal
A
St. John’s Wort, Glucosamine
17
Q
Vitamin A Ingredients
A
Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Retinol
18
Q
Vitamin D Ingredients
A
Ergocalciferol (D2), Cholecalciferol (D3)
19
Q
Vitamin E Ingredient
A
Alpha-tocopherol
20
Q
Vitamin C Ingredient
A
Ascorbic Acid
21
Q
Vitamin B12 Ingredient
A
Cyanocobalamin
22
Q
Vitamin B9
A
Folic Acid
23
Q
Calcium Compounds
A
various salts like carbonate, citrate, gluconate
24
Q
Iron Compounds
A
various salts like fumarate, gluconate, sulfate
25
Magnesium Compounds
various salts like oxide, sulfate
26
Proposed uses for vitamin A
Skin disorders like acne and psoriasis, vision
27
Proposed uses for vitamin D
Bone formation and calcium regulation
28
Proposed uses for vitamin E
Cognitive decline (dementia) , eye disorders, heart disease
29
Proposed uses for vitamin C
Cold prophylaxis (prevention and treatment of common cold), wound healing
30
Proposed uses for vitamin B12
Cardiovascular disease, fatigue (tiredness)
31
Proposed uses of vitamin B9
Heart Disease, prevention of neural tube defects (severe birth defects that affect brain and spine)
32
Proposed uses of calcium
Bone and teeth formation
33
Proposed uses of iron
Red blood cell production
34
Proposed uses of magnesium
Leg cramps and migraines
35
Proposed uses for omega 3 fatty acids
Anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disease, lowering cholesterol
36
Proposed uses for St. John's Wort
Anxiety and Depression
37
Proposed uses for glucosamine
Osteoarthritis
38
Adverse effects for vitamin A
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
39
Adverse effects for vitamin D
Constipation, nausea, vomiting
40
Adverse effects for vitamin E
Increased bleeding risk
41
Adverse effects for vitamin C
Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
42
Adverse effects for vitamin B12
Arthralgia (joint pain), dizziness, headache
43
Adverse effects for vitamin B9
Anorexia, confusion, irritability, nausea
44
Adverse effects of calcium
1. Abdominal pain, constipation, flatulence (most common with calcium carbonate)
2. Increased risk of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
45
Adverse effects of iron
Black tarry stool, constipation, GI upset
46
Adverse effects of magnesium
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
47
Adverse effects of omega 3
Fishy aftertaste, upset stomach
48
Adverse effects of St. John's Wart
Agitation, dry mouth, insomnia/restlessness, vivid dreams
49
Adverse effects of glucosamine
Headache, nausea, vomiting
50
Vitamin A drug interactions
1. . Orlistat - decreases vitamin A absorption
2. Retinoids/Vitamin A derivatives
- hypervitaminosis
51
Vitamin D drug interactions
1. Many anticonvulsants ( preventing seizures) - increased vitamin D metabolism
2. Orlistat - decreased vitamin D absorption
52
Vitamin E drug interactions
1. anticoagulants and antiplatelets - increased bleeding risk
2. Orlistat - decreased vitamin E absorption
53
Vitamin C drug interactions
Iron - increases iron absorption
54
Vitamin B12 drug interactions
1. Antacids/H2 receptor antagonists/proton pump inhibitors - decreased vitamin B12 absorption
2. metformin - decreased vitamin B12 absorption
55
Vitamin B9 drug interactions
Anticonvulsants (anit-seizure)- decreased anticonvulsant levels
56
Calcium drug interactions
Fluoroquinolone and tetracycline antibiotics - decreased absorption of these antibiotics
57
Iron drug interactions
1. Antacids/H2 receptor antagonists/proton pump inhibitors - decreased iron absorption
2. Fluoroquinolone and tetracycline antibiotics - decreased absorption of these antibiotics
3. Levothyroxine - decreased absorption of levothyroxine
58
Magnesium drug interactions
1. Fluoroquinolone and tetracycline antibiotics - decreased absorption of these antibiotics
2. Levothyroxine - decreased absorption of levothyroxine
59
Omega 3 drug interactions
NSAIDs and warfarin - increased risk of bleeding
60
St. John's Wort Drug Interactions
1. ALL antidepressants - reduced efficacy of antidepressants (possible serotonin syndrome)
2. Antiretrovirals (ART)- treats HIV- decreased levels of antiretrovirals
3. Oral contraceptives - reduced levels of oral contraceptives
4. Warfarin - may increase or decrease warfarin levels
61
Glucosamine drug interactions
anti-diabetic drugs (controls blood glucose levels)- decreased effects of these agents
62
Vitamin A counseling points
Avoid use in smokers (cancer) and excess vitamin A can have teratogenic ( cause or raise risk of birth effect)effects in pregnancy
63
Vitamin D Counseling Points
The body forms some Vitamin D naturally when exposed to sunlight
64
Vitamin E Counseling Points
Swallow capsule whole, do not crush, cut or chew
65
Vitamin C Counseling Points
1. May shorten the duration of the common cold and decrease symptom severity, but not proven to prevent colds.
2. Take with food
66
Vitamin B12 Counseling Points
May cause urine to be bright yellow
67
Vitamin B9 Counseling Points
All women of childbearing age should take 400 mcg/day (higher doses in pregnancy) to prevent neural tube defects in newborns.
68
Calcium Counseling Points
1. Limit doses to no more than 500mg of elemental calcium
| 2. Take with food (calcium carbonate)
69
Iron Counseling Points
1. Keep out of reach of children (fatal)
| 2. Take on an empty stomach to increase absorption
70
St. John's Wort Counseling Points
1. Do not use to self treat depression or other psychiatric issues
2. Do not stop administration abruptly
3. May take several weeks for therapeutic effect
71
Glucosamine Counseling Points
1. Use caution with shellfish allergy
| 2. Requires 4-6 weeks of treatment for benefits to be seen
