Lecture 6

Question 1

Mammalian sperm must undergo _____ in female reproductive tract

Answer 1

capacitation

Question 2

Capacitation can be done in vitro with

Answer 2

albumin, bicarbonate and calcium

Question 3

Capacitation allows for

Answer 3

a loss of cholesterol from sperm membrane. =

makes them more permeable and increases motility

Question 4

Mammalian Egg- has a layer of follicle cells called

Answer 4

the cumulus

Question 5

mammalian egg- inside the cumulus is an extracellular coat

Answer 5

zona pellucida, rich on hyaluronic acid

Question 6

gel-like cytoplasm in egg

Answer 6

cortex

Question 7

inner most layer of the cumulus is called the

Answer 7

corona radiata

Question 8

Blocks to polyspermy- cortical granule reaction occurs fusing with

Answer 8

egg cell membrane

Question 9

cortical granule serine protease is released

Answer 9

this removes binding sites for sperm

Question 10

release of mucopolysaccharides changes osmotic gradient

Answer 10

water rushes into space, expanding vitalize membrane. This is now called the fertilization membrane

Question 11

blocks to polyspermy- peroxidase enzyme released

Answer 11

hardens fertilization membrane

Question 12

Block to polyspermy- Hyalin released forms

Answer 12

coating around egg to support blastomeres.

Question 13

The ovaries produce ______ and deposit them in the the ______

Answer 13

oocytes, oviduct

Question 14

The _______ sweep the eggs in tote oviduct where they travel to the uterus

Answer 14

Fimbriae

Question 15

Unlike many other organisms the egg in mammals undergoes ______ cleavage.

Answer 15

asynchronous cleavage, this allows for a frequent odd number of cells

Question 16

At the 8 cell stage in mammals we get ________ and ______ form in the outer cells

Answer 16

compaction, tight junctions

Question 17

16-cell state in mammals is called a

Answer 17

morula

Question 18

in the 16 cell state, the outer cells form the

Answer 18

trophoblast or trophoectoderm

Question 19

The trophoblast produces

Answer 19

the chorion and embryonic portions of the placenta

Question 20

The chorion allows the fetus to get

Answer 20

oxygen and nutrients from the mother

Question 21

The chorion secretes ________ and ________

Answer 21

hormones so the mother retains the fetus, and an immune response regulators to stop the mother’s rejection of the fetus

Question 22

64 cell stage in mammals is

Answer 22

determination

Question 23

The __________ becomes the embryo and the __________ will develop in to extra embryonic tissues

Answer 23

inner cell mass, the outer cells

Question 24

The 128 cell state in mammals is called

Answer 24

the blastocyst

Question 25

The ____ forms from the trophoblast of the 128- stage cell

Answer 25

blastocoel

Question 26

The ______ is a special type of blastula found in mammals

Answer 26

blastocyst

Question 27

Neural tube closure takes place simultaneously with

Answer 27

turning.

Question 28

The _________ emerges from the neural tube

Answer 28

Neural crest

Question 29

The neural crest forms the

Answer 29

skeletal structures of the head, dorsal root ganglia, Schwann cells, sympathetic ganglia, pigment cells, adrenal medulla, and enteric ganglia

Question 30

Somites form the

Answer 30

vertebrae and myotomes and contribute to the dermis

Question 31

The second polar body marks the

Answer 31

animal pole of the zygote

Question 32

The zona pellucida prevents

Answer 32

implantation in the oviduct

Question 33

The trophoblast secretes process which digest away the

Answer 33

zona pellucida

Question 34

trophoblasts have proteins and proteases that allow the egg to

Answer 34

implant itself in the uterus

Question 35

The ICM generates the

Answer 35

amnion that surrounds the embryo