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CAPS 391 > Lecture 6 & 7: Joints > Flashcards

Lecture 6 & 7: Joints Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Functional/Physiological classification

A

Based on range of motion
Synarthrosis (very little, if any movement)
Amphyarthrosis (semi-movable)
Diarthrosis (Freely moveable)

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2
Q

Structural/Anatomical classification

A

Based on materials that bind bones together and presence of absence of a joint cavity
Solid
Synovial

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3
Q

Solid joints

A

Either synarthrosis or amphyarthrosis

Depends if it is made from dense connective tissue (fibrous) or cartilage (cartilaginous)

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4
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

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5
Q

Suture

A

Thin fibrous tissue

Ex. Bones of the skull

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6
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Connected by membrane or ligament

Ex. Interosseous membrane of ulna/radius

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7
Q

Gomphoses

A 
Intervening ligament
Peridontal ligament (between roots of teeth and jaw)
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8
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses
Symphyses
*Elastic cartilage is not found in joints

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9
Q

Synchondroses

A

Hyaline cartilage
Ex. Growth plates of long bones
Ossified before puberty

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10
Q

Symphyses

A

Fibrocartilage disc
Ex. Public symphysis
Found in the midline

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11
Q

Synovial joints

A

Presence of cavity between bones
Held by fibrous capsule
Diarthrosis
Characterized by degrees of freedom

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12
Q

Features of synovial joints

A

Joint capsule: fibrous structure that surrounds joint and reinforced by ligaments
Joint/articular cavity: space enclosed by joints capsule
Articular cartilage: hyaline cartilage that covers articular surface of bones
Synovial membrane: lines internal joint surface (except articular surface)
Synovial cavity: space enclosed by synovial membrane
Synovial fluid: secreted by synovial membrane in synovial cavity to nourish hyaline and lubricate to facilitate movement
Continuous to periosteum and contains stem cells to repair bone fractures

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13
Q

Nonaxial joint

A

Plane
Articular surfaces are flat so they glide against each other
Ex. Intercarpal joints

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14
Q

Monoaxial joint

A

Hinge: flexion/extension. Ex. Elbow joint
Pivot: rotational movement. Ex. Proximal radioulnar joint

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15
Q

Biaxial

A

Ellipsoid/condyloid: flexion/ extension/ abduction/ adduction/ circumduction. Ex. Metacarpophalangeal joint
Saddle: flexion/ extension/ abduction/ adduction/ circumduction. Ex. First carpometacarpal joint

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16
Q

Multiaxial

A

Ball and socket: flexion/ extension/ abduction/ adduction/ medial and lateral rotations/ circumductions. Ex. shoulder joint

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17
Q

Ligaments

A

Dense connective tissue that joins bones
Extrinsic ligament: separate from joint capsule
Intrinsic ligament: thickened part of joint capsule

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18
Q

Bursae

A

Sacs of connective tissue between moving structure (tendon/ligament) and joint capsule to minimize friction
Lined with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid
Bursitis: overusing a muscle when tendon rubs against bursae too much, it becomes inflamed

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19
Q

Zygapophyseal/Facet joint

A

Synovial plane

Between superior and inferior articular processes

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20
Q

Intervertebral disc joint

A

Symphysis joint
Intervertebral disc has gelatinous nucleus pulposes which acts as a shock absorber
Anulus fibrosus is concentric layers of collagen to hold nucleus pulposes in place

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21
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A

Synovial pivot

Between anterior arch of CI and odontoid process of CII

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22
Q

Atlanto-occipital

A

Synovial condyloid

Between lateral mass of CI and occipital condyle

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23
Q

Ligaments of vertebral column

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament: along anterior surface of vertebral bodies
Posterior longitudinal ligament: along posterior surface of vertebral bodies
Ligamentum flavus: connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae
Interspinous ligament: between spinous process of adjacent vertebrae
Supraspinous ligament: joins tip of spinous process of adjacent vertebrae
Nuchal ligament: proximal extension of supraspinous ligament to neck region; fans out

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24
Q

Costovertebral joint

Study These Flashcards
A

Synovial plane
Between head of rib and vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae at the same level and above
Between tubercle of rib and costal face on transverse process of thoracic vertebrae at the same level

25
Sternocostal joint
Synchondroses for first pair of ribs Synovial plane for the remaining Between ribs and sternum via costal cartilage
26
Manubriosternal joint
Symphysis Between manubrium and body of sternum Ossified with age
27
Xiphisternal joint
Symphysis Between body of sternum and xiphoid process Ossified with age
28
Sternoclavicular joint
Synovial saddle Between sternal end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum Fibrocartilage articular disc separating articular surfaces
29
Sacroiliac joint
Synovial plane Between auricular surface of sacrum and hip bone Ossified with age Transfers body weight to lower limb
30
Ligaments of pelvis
Anterior sacroiliac ligament Posterior sacroiliac ligament Sacrotuberous ligament: between sacrum and ischial tuberosity Sacrospinous ligament: between sacrum to ischial spine
31
Pubic symphysis
Symphysis | Between left and right pubic parts of hip bone
32
Temporomandibular joint
Synovial condyloid Between mandibular fossa of temporal bone and condylar of mandible Has fibrocartilage articular disc Increases resistance of joint against oppressing forces
33
Acromioclavicular joint
Synovial plane | Between acromial end of clavicle and acromion of scapula
34
Glenohumeral/shoulder joint
Synovial ball and socket Between head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula Surrounded by fibrocartilage glenoid labrum to increase depth and stability Has sub deltoid bursa
35
Ligaments of Upper limb at Shoulder joint
Coracoclavicular ligament: coracoid process of scapula and clavicle Coracoacromial ligament: acromial process of scapula and coronoid process of scapula Glenohumeral ligament: glenoid and humerus for anterior support
36
Elbow Joint
Humero-Ulnar joint: synovial hinge; between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna Humero-radial joint: synovial condyloid; between capitulum of humerus and head of radius Proximal radio-ulnar joint: synovial pivot; between head of radius and radial notch of ulna Involved in flexion/extension and rotational *Humeroulnar and humeroradial are considered the elbow joint
37
Radioulnar Joint
Proximal radio-ulnar: synovial pivot; between head of radius and radial notch of ulna Middle radioulanr: syndesmosis; interosseous membrane of ulna and radius Distal radioulnar: synovial pivot; between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius; has articular disc to separate from wrist Involved in supination/pronation of forearm
38
Ligaments of Elbow
Ulnar/medial collateral ligament Radius/lateral collateral ligament Annular ligament: wraps around head of radius against radial notch of ulna
39
Radiocarpal joint
Synovial ellipsoid | Between distal end of radius and proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform)
40
Midcarpal joint
Synovial plane | Between proximal and distal carpal bones
41
Intercarpal joints
Synovial plane | Between proximal or distal bones
42
Wrist joint
Radiocarpal and mid carpal joints
43
Ligaments of wrist
Ulnar/medial collateral ligament Radial/lateral collateral ligament Palmar and dorsal ulnocarpal ligament Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligament Intercarpal ligament: between carpal bones Carpometacarpal ligament: between carpal and metacarpal bones
44
Carpometacarpal joint
Synovial saddle: between trapezium and proximal end of 1st metacarpal bone Synovial plane: between rest of distal carpal bones and proximal end of 4 medial metacarpal bones
45
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Synovial condyloid | Between distal end of metacarpal bone and proximal end of proximal phalanges
46
Interphalangeal joint
Synovial hinge Proximal interphalangeal joint: between proximal and middle phalange Distal interphalangeal joint: between middle and distal phalange
47
Hip joint
Synovial ball and socket Between head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone Fibrocartilage labrum acetabulum deepens cavity
48
Ligaments of hip joint
Round/teres ligament of head of femoral head: attaches to head of femur and carries blood to femur; may lead to avascular necrosis if cut Iliofemoral ligament: between ilium and femur (anterior) Pubofemoral ligament: between pubic and femur (anterior) Ischiofemoral ligament: between ischium and femur (posterior)
49
Knee joint
Synovial condyloid | Between femoral condyles and superior surface of tibia condyles - medial and lateral tibiofemoral joint
50
Patellofemoral joint
Synovial plane | Between patellar surface of femur and posterior surface of patella
51
Ligaments of knee
Incomplete rings of fibrocartilage medial and lateral meniscus are in between femoral condyles and tibia plates - shock absorber and increase depth Tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments provide side to side stability Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments provide antero-posterior stability
52
Tibiofibular joint
Proximal (superior) tibiofibular joint: synovial plane; between head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia Middle tibiofibular joint: syndesmosis; interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula Distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint: syndesmosis; between fibular notch of tibia and distal end of fibula
53
Ankle (talocrural) joint
Synovial hinge Between distal end of tibia and fibula and body of talus Medial (deltoid) ligament Lateral ligament
54
Intertarsal joint
Synovial plane | Between tarsal bones
55
Tarsometatarsal joint
Synovial plane | Between distal tarsal bones and proximal metatarsal bones
56
Metatarsophalangeal joint
Synovial condyloid | Between distal metatarsal bones and proximal end of proximal phalanges
57
Menisci
Incomplete fibrocartilage rings attached to articular surfaces to increase congruency (in knee joint)
58
Labrum
Fibrocartilage rings attached to increase depth (in shoulder joint)
59
Intra-articular disc
Cushions of fibrocartilage to absorb shock and increase congruency

CAPS 391 (21 decks)

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