Lecture 6

Question 1

____ strand of DNA is equivalent to the RNA strand sequence, while the _____ strand is complimentary to the RNA and is the strand the RNA is transcribed from.

Answer 1

Sense

Antisense

Question 2

__RNA is the smallest RNA and has an amino acid attached to the ___ end. The ____ region has 3 nucleotides that are complimentary to the codon sequence of the mRNA.

Answer 2

tRNA

3’ end

Anticodon

Question 3

________ hypoplasia (PCH) is autosomal ______ and is caused by a defect in the ____ of tRNA (carried out by TSEN in normal conditions.) Symptoms include micro_____, delayed developmental milestone, intellectual disability, and in half of all cases _____.

Answer 3

Pontocerebellar Hyoplasia

Autosomal Recessive

Splicing of tRNA

microcephaly

Epilepsy

Question 4

Charcot-Maria Tooth disorder arises from a defect in ______ tRNA synthetase (the enzyme that responsible for “charging” the tRNA with an ___ ___.)

Answer 4

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Amino Acid

Question 5

There are 3 types of Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) in prokaryotes and 4 in eukaryotes. There are ___, ___, and ___, and ___, ___, ___, and ___ respectively.

Answer 5

23s

16s

5s

28s

18s

5.8s

5s

Question 6

Diamond-Blackfan anemia is caused by mutations is RPS___ and RPS___. Normal RPS help rRNA get into ribosomes so that the ribosomes can work to make cellular proteins.

Answer 6

RPS19

RPS24

Question 7

Bacteria mRNA differ from eukaryotic mRNA in that they contain multiple open ____ ____, so a single mRNA can code for multiple proteins.

Answer 7

Reading Frames

Question 8

______ is an antibiotic that binds only bacterial RNA Pol (not eukaryotic RNA Pol), and causes a conformation change, such that RNA synthesis cannot be initiated. Note: Bacteria only have one type of RNA Pol, while eukaryotes have multiple.

Answer 8

Rifampin

Question 9

There are three steps involved in RNA synthesis via RNA Pol: 1. initiation 2. elongation 3. termination. In initiation for BACTERIA, RNA Pol binds the ______, facilitated by ______ factor, which binds RNA Pol and “directs” it.

Answer 9

Promoter

Sigma factor

Question 10

In EUKARYOTES, RNA Pol ___ is responsible for transcribing all __RNA. RNA Pol II is responsible for transcribing mRNA, snRNA, __RNA and __RNA. RNA Pol III is responsible for transcribing __RNA, 55rRNA, snRNA U6, and 7S RNA.

Answer 10

RNA Pol I

rRNA

siRNA

miRNA

tRNA

Question 11

Treacher Collin syndrome is marked by _____ deformities. It’s caused by a defect in one of the subunits in RNA Pol ___.

Answer 11

Facial

RNA Pol I

Question 12

Mutations in RNA Pol III subunits _____3A and ______3B cause some types of __________ leukodystrophies. These diseases are marked by abnormal teeth and motor abnormalities, and MRI shows abnormal ______ white matter with _____ atrophy and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum.

Answer 12

POLR3A

POLR3B

Hpomyelinating Leukodystrophies

Cerebral White matter

Cerebellar atrophy

Question 13

RNA Pol II is inhibited by _____-________ (contains a cyclic octapeptide that blocks RNA Pol II while it’s making mRNA), which is found in mushrooms, making them poisonous. Initially after consuming the mushrooms, patients will present with GI distress.

Answer 13

Alpha-amanitin

Question 14

Chrousos syndrome is caused by a mutation in the ________ receptor. Symptoms include fatigue, hypertension, and hirsutism (bearded lady). Think about the endocrine response if this receptor cannot bind cortisol.

Answer 14

Glucocorticoid receptor