Lecture 6- Arousal, stress & anxiety in sport Flashcards
(34 cards)
Defining Arousal
A level of physiological and psychological activation
Arousal continuum
Deep sleep -> sleep->Drowsy->relaxed -> …..->exited->intense excitement->feelings pf excessive discomfort/concern.
Arousal physiological component:
Increases or decrease in the bodies level of activation (e.g HR, breathing, muscle tension)
Arousal psychological component:
Either positive feelings such as excitement/confidence, or negative feelings such as fear/sadness or discomfort/concern
does arousal = anxiety
no
Anxiety = High….
arousal states that produce feelings of discomfort & concern
Anxiety definition
A perceived threat
- A tendency to perceive competitive situations as threatening and to respond to these situations with feelings pf apprehension and tension
Stress definition
A perceived imbalance between demand and capabilities
a substantial imbalance between environment demand and response capability under conditions where failure to meet the demand has important consequences
Stress leads to
state anxiety
Competitive Trait anxiety
A predisposition to perceive competitive sport as threatening and to respond to this perceived threat with varying levels of state anxiety
State anxiety
A current emotional state or mood characterised by feelings of apprehension and muscle tension and associated with negative affect (ie emotions, feelings, moods)
B=f (P xE)
which one is for
A-state
A-trait
B=state
- how is the person acting now
PxE=Trait
- climate
-predictable
Cognitive state anxiety
thoughts/Emotions e.g worries (I cant do this)
Somatic state anxiety
Physical/ physiological e.g arousal/activation- muscle tension, HR
Cognitive and somatic anxiety dont
follow the same trend
You can have people that have a body out of control and mind that is calm and you can have your brain saying your not ok and your body is neutral
Relationship between Trait and state anxiety
-Not a direct one to one relationship
-correlations are moderate (70%)
Stress process
Stage 1: environmental demand
stage 2: Perception of demands (amount of physiological or physical threat perceived)
stage 3: Stress response (physical and psychological)
Stage 4: Behavioural consequences
Implications for best practice: need to use the stress model to ….
-Identify the causes/ sources of stress
-To understand the stress response and overall wellbeing
-To identify behaviour consequence
Situational sources of stress
The importance places on the outcome (The more important the outcome is perceived to be, the more aroused/anxious the athlete could become)
Uncertainty about outcome, capabilities and relationships with others (The higher the uncertainty the higher the arousal/anxiety)
Personal sources of stress
Trait anxiety
Self esteem
self esteem
low self esteem leads to low self confidence and higher levels of state cognitive anxiety
Drive theory
There is a linear (straight line) relationship between performance and arousal the more highly aroused (psyched up) the athlete the better the performance
Drive theory predictions
Increased arousal increases the probability of the dominant (most well learned response)
Performance will improve with increases in arousal if the skill is (Simple and/or the dominant response is the correct response)
Inverted U theory
There is an inverted U relationship between arousal and performance; performance will increase in proportion to increases in arousal up to certain point. Beyond this optimal level performance will begin to decrease.
