Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEDS 581 - Case Studies in IPH > Lecture 6 - Bioterror > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Bioterror Flashcards

1
Q

Public Health works to highlight what four key areas of public health action

A
  1. Preventing disease and promoting health
  2. Improving medical care
  3. Promoting health-enhancing behavior
  4. Modifying the environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Routine passive surveillance

A
  • Refers to data supplied to a health dept based on a set of rules that require reporting.
  • Cheaper
  • Multiple sources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Active surveillance

A
  • Health agency solicit reports
  • Reporting is incentivized
  • Usually occurs during an epidemic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Purpose of surveillance

A
  • Accurately assess health of population
  • Early warning system to alert of disease
  • Implement control measures
  • Define specific protocols
  • Measure and evaluate programs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The objectives of Preventing Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Strategy for the 21st Century are organized under four goals:

A
  1. Surveillance and response
  2. Applied research
  3. Infrastructure and training
  4. Prevention and control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bioterrorism CDC Definition

A

The deliberate release of viruses, fungi, bacteria and other agents to cause disability, illness or death in people, animals, or plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reasons weapons programs were started

A

– Relatively cheaper than other weapons programs
– Could have longer lasting effects
– Exceptionally good at disrupting society
– Can be difficult to detect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CDC Category A examples

A
  • Anthrax
  • Smallpox
  • Plague
  • Toxin C botulinum
  • Tularemia
  • Clostridium botulium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CDC Category B examples

A
  • Brucellosis
  • Q fever
  • Glanders
  • Burkholderia
  • Alphaviruses
  • Ricin
  • Staphylococcus enterotoxin B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CDC Category C examples

A
  • Hantavirus
  • Nipah virus
  • Tick-borne hemorrhagic
  • Yellow fever
  • Influenze
  • Rabies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bacillus Anthracis

A
  • Gram +
  • Spore forming rod
  • Can survive suspended animatoin for years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three toxins Anthrax has?

A
  • Protective Antigen (PA)
  • Edema Factor (EF)
  • Lethal Factor (LF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the purpose of the capsule in anthrax?

A
  • Protects B anthrax from phagocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What plasmid is the capsule of B. Anthrax carried on?

A

Plasmid pXO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which combination of toxins in B. Antrax lead to edema toxin?

A

PA + EF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which combination of toxins in B. Antrax lead to lethal toxin?

A

PA + LF

17
Q

Protective antigen (PA) binds receptors on host cell surfaces that are common to many tissues and forms a ______

A

prepore

this facilitates LF and EF entry into cells

18
Q

LF cleaves __________ leading to cell death by an unknown mechanism

A

MAP kinase

19
Q

EF increases __________ levels resulting in cellular edema at infection site

A

cAMP

20
Q

X ray from anthrax patient shows what?

A
  • Bibasilar infiltrates

- Negative CT head

21
Q

What are the three types of bacteria we can see in meningitidis?

A 
Haemophilus influenzae (-)
Neisseria Meningitidis (-)
Streptococcus Pnuemoniae (+)
22
Q

3 important factors for weaponized spores:

A
  • Dispersibility
  • Floatability
  • Inhalability
23
Q

Use of _______ which is hydrophobi facilitiates drying process with spore powder

A

Exosorium

24
Q

Use of _______ nanoparticles prevent spore clumping which keeps them airborne longer

A

Silica

25
Q

Adding __________________ to the spores makes them more likely to stick to alveoli

A

Negative Charge

26
Q

The bacteria Bacillus Anthracis produces dormant spores that can live in environments like _______

A

soil for a long time

27
Q

Three ways anthrax can get into the body?

A
  • Cutaneous
  • Inhalational
  • Gastrointestinal

(New - injection)

28
Q

Clinical manifestations of injection anthrax

A
  • Absence of typical eschar
  • Painless sore with black center
  • Swelling around the sore
  • More edema than cutaneous anthrax
  • Spreads faster and harder to recognize
29
Q

Clinical manifestations of cutaneous anthrax

A
  • Small blisters/bumps that itch
  • Swelling around sore
  • Painless sore/ulcer with a black center/eschar
  • Edema

(Papule –> Vesicular –> Necrotic ulcer)

30
Q

Case fatality for cutaneous Anthrax
Without antibiotic treatment
With antibiotic treatment

A

Without - 20% (not very fatal)

With - 1%

31
Q

Clinical manifestations of inhalational anthrax

A
  • Viral like illness
  • With or without respiratory symptoms
  • Wool sorter’s disease
  • Meningtis
32
Q

Case fatality for inhalational Anthrax
Without antibiotic treatment
With antibiotic treatment

A

Without - 97%
With - 75%

Deadliest

33
Q

Inhalational anthrax is assocaited with what X-ray finding?

A

Mediastinal widening

Pleural Effusion

34
Q

Clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal anthrax

A
  • Mouth/stomach symptoms
  • Undercooked anthrax infected meat
  • Ulcers in GI
35
Q

Diagnosis for general anthrax

A
  • Present in high concentration in microscope
  • Gram + non-motile rods
  • PCR
36
Q

Diagnosis for Inhalational Anthrax

A
  • Chest x-ray: Widened mediastinum, pleural effusion
  • Biopsy
  • Fluid for gram stain
37
Q

General Anthrax treatment

A
  • IV antibiotic + antitoxin
  • Most in nature susceptible to penicillin
  • Ciprofloxacin or Doxy
38
Q

Anthrax antitoxin

A
  • Raxibacumab

- Anthrax immunoglobulin

MEDS 581 - Case Studies in IPH (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions